Nokea
The nurse teaches individuals that one of the best ways to prevent musculoskeletal injuries during physical exercise is by doing what?
- A. Increase muscle strength with daily isometric exercise
- B. Avoid exercising on concrete or hard pavement surfaces
- C. Perform stretching and warm-up exercises before exercise
- D. Wrap susceptible joints with elastic bandages or adhesive tape before exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stretching and warming up prepare the muscles and joints for physical activity, reducing the risk of injury.
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The trigeminal nerve
- A. Has five divisions
- B. Mandibular division is purely sensory
- C. Has its motor nucleus in the upper pons
- D. Exits the skull entirely through the foramen ovale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The trigeminal nerve has three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) and a motor nucleus in the upper pons. The mandibular division carries both sensory and motor fibers.
A patient arrives in the ER with blurred and double vision, muscle weakness, and intolerance of temperature changes. The physician suspects multiple sclerosis. What test would you expect the physician to do in order to confirm his or her suspicions?
- A. CBC with a very low WBC count.
- B. MRI with gadolinium showing demyelination of nerve fibers.
- C. Endocrine function study with a low growth hormone and high T3 and T4.
- D. Fasting glucose test with a result over 300 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MRI with gadolinium is used to identify demyelination, which is characteristic of multiple sclerosis.
Nerve impulses create a change in voltage which is measured by and can be seen on a(n) ________.
- A. stethoscope
- B. electrocardiogram
- C. oscilloscope
- D. laparoscope
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An oscilloscope is a device used to measure and display changes in voltage over time, making it ideal for visualizing nerve impulses. When a nerve impulse occurs, it creates a rapid change in membrane potential, which can be recorded as a waveform on the oscilloscope. This tool is commonly used in neuroscience research to study the electrical activity of neurons and understand how nerve impulses are generated and propagated.
To evaluate a patient's intellectual function, the nurse should assess:
- A. The patient's ability to understand, reason, and recall information.
- B. The patient's blood pressure.
- C. The patient's respiratory rate.
- D. The patient's skin texture.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intellectual function is assessed by evaluating the patient's ability to understand, reason, and recall information. Blood pressure, respiratory rate, and skin texture are unrelated to intellectual function.
The 'synaptic cleft' of a neuromuscular junction is
- A. a groove in the muscle cell plasma membrane through which neurons grow
- B. that portion of the cell surface receptor molecule on the surface of a muscle cell, into which the ligand binds
- C. a depression at the end of an axon from which neurotransmitters are secreted
- D. the space between the plasma membrane of a neuron on the pre-synaptic side of the synapse, and the plasma membrane of the muscle cell on the post-synaptic side of the synapse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The synaptic cleft is the narrow space between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic muscle cell. It is where neurotransmitters are released and diffuse to bind receptors on the muscle cell, initiating muscle contraction. This structure is essential for signal transmission at the neuromuscular junction.