Health Assessment Neurological System Questions

Health Assessment Neurological System Questions Related

Review Health Assessment Neurological System Questions related questions and content

Which nerve projects to the hypothalamus to indicate the level of light stimuli in the retina?

  • A. glossopharyngeal
  • B. oculomotor
  • C. optic
  • D. vagus
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: optic nerve. The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain, including the hypothalamus. Light stimuli levels are detected by the retina and transmitted via the optic nerve to the hypothalamus for regulating various physiological processes.

A: glossopharyngeal - This nerve is responsible for taste and some motor functions in the throat, not related to light stimuli detection in the retina.
B: oculomotor - This nerve controls eye movements, not directly involved in transmitting light stimuli levels to the hypothalamus.
D: vagus - This nerve is responsible for parasympathetic functions in the body, not related to processing light stimuli information in the retina.

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The presence of dysarthria suggests damage to cranial nerve:

  • A. V
  • B. XI
  • C. XII
  • D. VIII
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) is the correct answer because it controls the movements of the tongue, which are essential for articulation and speech. Damage to this nerve results in dysarthria, characterized by slurred or difficult speech due to impaired tongue movement.

A patient arrives in the ER with blurred and double vision, muscle weakness, and intolerance of temperature changes. The physician suspects multiple sclerosis. What test would you expect the physician to do in order to confirm his or her suspicions?

  • A. CBC with a very low WBC count.
  • B. MRI with gadolinium showing demyelination of nerve fibers.
  • C. Endocrine function study with a low growth hormone and high T3 and T4.
  • D. Fasting glucose test with a result over 300 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: MRI with gadolinium is used to identify demyelination, which is characteristic of multiple sclerosis.

A 58-year-old female, accompanied by her husband, presents with trouble walking. She describes her legs as being heavy and stiff, and at times experiences muscle spasms in her lower extremities. Her husband notices that she has been having trouble writing, and buttoning her shirt. These symptoms have progressively worsened over that past 4-5 months. Neurologic exam is significant for intrinsic hand weakness, and arm fasciculations. The lower extremity is hypertonic, with increased patellar reflexes. On gait testing, the patient has poor balance, moves slowly, and has issues with turning. Which of the following is the best treatment to prolong life?

  • A. Pyridostigmine
  • B. Botulinum toxin
  • C. Prednisone
  • D. Riluzole
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Riluzole is the only FDA-approved medication shown to prolong life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It works by reducing glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, which is thought to contribute to motor neuron degeneration. Pyridostigmine is used for myasthenia gravis, botulinum toxin for spasticity, prednisone for inflammatory conditions, and intravenous immunoglobulin for autoimmune disorders. None of these treatments have been shown to prolong life in ALS.

In brain injury a severe trauma in which the brain is not just jarred but the impact also causes bruising to the brain is known as:

  • A. Concussion.
  • B. Contusion.
  • C. Encephalitis.
  • D. Crainitus.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A contusion is a type of brain injury characterized by bruising and damage to brain tissue, often resulting from a direct impact to the head. Unlike a concussion, which involves temporary dysfunction without visible damage, a contusion causes physical injury to the brain, leading to swelling, bleeding, and potential long-term neurological deficits. Contusions require careful monitoring and treatment to prevent complications such as increased intracranial pressure.

Which type of fracture occurred when there is radial nerve and brachial artery damage and the fracture is reduced with a hanging arm cast?

  • A. Fractured tibia
  • B. Colles' fracture
  • C. Fractured humerus
  • D. Femoral shaft fracture
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The described symptoms point to a fractured humerus.

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