Nokea
Spinal Cord originates from which part of the brain?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Medulla
- C. Pons
- D. Cerebrum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Medulla is the correct answer because the spinal cord originates from the medulla oblongata, which is the lowest part of the brainstem. The medulla controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, breathing, and reflexes like swallowing and sneezing.
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Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _________.
- A. postsynaptic receptors
- B. enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters
- C. drugs of abuse
- D. neurotransmitters
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known neurotransmitters that play critical roles in the nervous system. Acetylcholine is involved in muscle contraction, memory, and learning, while norepinephrine regulates attention, arousal, and stress responses. These neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on postsynaptic neurons, triggering electrical signals that propagate neural communication. Their proper functioning is essential for normal brain and body activities.
Why did the patient's wife's husband not receive clot-busting medication (tPA)?
- A. He didn't arrive within the timeframe for that therapy.
- B. Not everyone is eligible for this drug. Has he had surgery lately?
- C. You should discuss the treatment of your husband with his doctor.
- D. The medication you are talking about dissolves clots and could cause more bleeding in your husband's brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: tPA is contraindicated in hemorrhagic strokes because it can worsen bleeding
What is a normal response when assessing the pupillary light reflex?
- A. Pupils constrict in response to light and then dilate when light is removed.
- B. Pupils remain dilated regardless of light exposure.
- C. Pupils remain constricted regardless of light exposure.
- D. Pupils respond unevenly to light.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The normal pupillary light reflex involves constriction in response to light and dilation when light is removed. Uneven or absent responses are abnormal.
A 70-year-old patient taking carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg three times a day for PD is experiencing end-of-dose wearing off. The best next step is to:
- A. Add tolcapone.
- B. Consider surgery.
- C. Add trihexyphenidyl.
- D. Increase carbidopa/levodopa to four times daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adding tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, can help manage wearing-off symptoms by prolonging the effect of levodopa.
As the manager in a long-term-care (LTC) facility, you are in charge of developing a standard plan of care for residents with Alzheimer's disease. Which of these nursing tasks is best to delegate to the LPN team leaders working in the facility?
- A. Check for improvement in resident memory after medication therapy is initiated.
- B. Use the Mini-Mental State Examination to assess residents every 6 months.
- C. Assist residents to toilet every 2 hours to decrease risk for urinary incontinence.
- D. Develop individualized activity plans after consulting with residents and family.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Toileting assistance is a routine task that can be effectively managed by LPNs.