Nokea
When assessing cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal nerve), the nurse should:
- A. Observe the patient's tongue for movement, symmetry, and strength.
- B. Measure the patient's blood pressure.
- C. Check the patient's visual acuity.
- D. Inspect the patient's skin for rashes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal nerve) controls tongue movement. Observing the tongue for movement, symmetry, and strength assesses its function. Blood pressure, visual acuity, and skin inspection are unrelated.
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A patient with OA asks the nurse whether he could try glucosamine and chondroitin for control of his symptoms. The best response by the nurse includes what information?
- A. Some patients find these supplements helpful for relieving arthritis pain and improving mobility.
- B. Although these substances may not help, there is no evidence that they can cause any untoward effects.
- C. These supplements are a fad that has not been shown to reduce pain or increase joint mobility in patients with OA.
- D. Only dosages of these supplements available by prescription are high enough to provide any benefit in treatment of OA.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucosamine and chondroitin may offer symptomatic relief.
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _________.
- A. postsynaptic receptors
- B. enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters
- C. drugs of abuse
- D. neurotransmitters
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known neurotransmitters that play critical roles in the nervous system. Acetylcholine is involved in muscle contraction, memory, and learning, while norepinephrine regulates attention, arousal, and stress responses. These neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on postsynaptic neurons, triggering electrical signals that propagate neural communication. Their proper functioning is essential for normal brain and body activities.
Which cranial nerve lies in the junction between pons and medilla?
- A. abducent nerve (VI)
- B. facial nerve (VII)
- C. vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
- D. glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The abducent nerve (VI) emerges at the junction between the pons and medulla. It controls the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.
What part of a neuron is responsible for receiving information?
- A. axon
- B. terminal bre
- C. dendrite
- D. myelin sheath
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dendrites are the part of a neuron responsible for receiving information from other neurons. They are branched structures that extend from the cell body and contain receptors for neurotransmitters. When neurotransmitters bind to these receptors, they generate electrical signals that travel toward the cell body, initiating communication between neurons. Dendrites play a crucial role in integrating incoming signals and determining whether the neuron will fire an action potential.
In caring for a client with Parkinson disease, it would be most important to
- A. encourage a low-residue diet
- B. explain the nature and treatment of the disease
- C. restrict fluid intake
- D. provide a walker for ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Education about the disease helps patients manage their condition effectively.