Nokea
Which type of fracture occurred when there is radial nerve and brachial artery damage and the fracture is reduced with a hanging arm cast?
- A. Fractured tibia
- B. Colles' fracture
- C. Fractured humerus
- D. Femoral shaft fracture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The described symptoms point to a fractured humerus.
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The classic ketogenic diet is typically initiated with what macronutrient ratio?
- A. 4 g of fat to 1 g of protein and carbohydrate
- B. 4 g of carbohydrate to 1 g protein
- C. 4 g of protein to 1 g of carbohydrate
- D. 4 g of protein to 1 g of fat and carbohydrate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The classic ketogenic diet is initiated with a 4:1 ratio of fat to combined protein and carbohydrates. This high-fat, low-carbohydrate ratio is designed to induce ketosis, a metabolic state where the body uses fat as its primary energy source, which can help reduce seizures in epilepsy.
The nurse is caring for an individual with a head injury and notes unequal pupils. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?
- A. Aphasia
- B. Nystagmus
- C. Anisocoria
- D. Ophthalmoplegia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anisocoria refers to unequal pupil size, which can indicate neurological dysfunction. Aphasia is a language disorder, nystagmus is involuntary eye movement, and ophthalmoplegia is the inability to move the eyes. Documenting anisocoria accurately is important for assessing potential brain injury.
A 70-year-old patient taking carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg three times a day for PD is experiencing end-of-dose wearing off. The best next step is to:
- A. Add tolcapone.
- B. Consider surgery.
- C. Add trihexyphenidyl.
- D. Increase carbidopa/levodopa to four times daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adding tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, can help manage wearing-off symptoms by prolonging the effect of levodopa.
Which of the following is a primary function of the glomerulus?
- A. Filtration
- B. Reabsorption
- C. Secretion
- D. Transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Filtration is the correct answer because the glomerulus is a network of capillaries in the kidney that filters blood to form urine. It allows water, ions, and small molecules to pass into the renal tubules while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells. This filtration process is the first step in urine formation and is critical for maintaining homeostasis.
A patient diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder says, I have pain from an undiagnosed injury. I can't take care of myself. I need pain medicine six or seven times a day. I feel like a baby because my family has to help me so much. It is important for the nurse to assess:
- A. mood.
- B. cognitive style.
- C. secondary gains.
- D. identity and memory.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: secondary gains. In this scenario, the patient's focus on pain and dependency suggests potential secondary gains, such as attention or avoidance of responsibilities. Assessing secondary gains helps in understanding the underlying motivations for the symptoms. Mood (choice A) may be important but doesn't directly address the patient's behavior. Cognitive style (choice B) and identity/memory (choice D) are not as relevant in this context as secondary gains in somatic symptom disorder.