Nokea
A patient is to receive enalapril 5 mg IV every 6 hours. Each dose is given over 5 minutes. The medication is available in an injectable form, 1.25 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters of medication will the nurse draw up for each dose.
Correct Answer: 4 mL
Rationale: 1.25 mg : 1 mL :: 5 mg : x mL; (1.25 * x) = (1 * 5); 1.25x = 5; x = 4 mL.
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The nurse is preparing for a community education program on hypertension. Which of these parameters determine the regulation of arterial blood pressure?
- A. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
- B. Heart rate and peripheral resistance
- C. Blood volume and renal blood flow
- D. Myocardial contractility and arteriolar constriction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blood pressure is determined by the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. The other options are incorrect.
A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months states that a new, persistent dry cough is very bothersome. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
- A. Beta blockers
- B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
- D. Calcium channel blockers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors cause a characteristic dry, nonproductive cough that reverses when therapy is stopped. The other drug classes do not cause this cough.
A patient with primary hypertension is prescribed drug therapy for the first time. The patient asks how long drug therapy will be needed. Which answer by the nurse is the correct response?
- A. This therapy will take about 3 months.
- B. This therapy will take about a year.
- C. This therapy will go on until your symptoms disappear.
- D. Therapy for high blood pressure is usually lifelong.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: There is no cure for hypertension, and treatment will be lifelong. The other answers are not appropriate.
An older adult patient will be taking a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of most concern for the older adult patient taking this class of drug?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Restlessness
- C. Constipation
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The older adult patient is more sensitive to the blood pressure-lowering effects of vasodilators, and consequently experiences more problems with hypotension, dizziness, and syncope. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient and notes a new order for an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse checks the current medication orders, knowing that this drug class may have a serious interaction with what other drug class?
- A. Calcium channel blockers
- B. Diuretics
- C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- D. Nitrates
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can reduce the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. In addition, the use of NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors may also predispose patients to the development of acute renal failure.