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When counseling a male patient about the possible adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs, the nurse will discuss which potential problem?
- A. Impotence
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Increased libido
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction is a common complication of antihypertensive medications and may be manifested in men as decreased libido or impotence. The other options are incorrect.
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A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months states that a new, persistent dry cough is very bothersome. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
- A. Beta blockers
- B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
- D. Calcium channel blockers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors cause a characteristic dry, nonproductive cough that reverses when therapy is stopped. The other drug classes do not cause this cough.
The nurse is preparing for a community education program on hypertension. Which of these parameters determine the regulation of arterial blood pressure?
- A. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
- B. Heart rate and peripheral resistance
- C. Blood volume and renal blood flow
- D. Myocardial contractility and arteriolar constriction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blood pressure is determined by the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. The other options are incorrect.
A patient with severe liver disease is receiving the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril. The nurse is aware that the advantage of this drug for this patient is which characteristic?
- A. Captopril rarely causes first-dose hypotensive effects.
- B. Captopril has little effect on electrolyte levels.
- C. Captopril is a prodrug and is metabolized by the liver before becoming active.
- D. Captopril does not need to be metabolized by the liver before becoming active because it is not a prodrug.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A prodrug relies on a functioning liver to be converted to its active form. Captopril is not a prodrug, and therefore it would be safer for the patient with liver dysfunction.
A patient who is now in heart failure after a recent myocardial infarction will be receiving a new prescription for eplerenone. The nurse is reviewing the patient's laboratory results and will report which of these as a potential contraindication?
- A. Serum sodium level 136 mEq/L
- B. Serum potassium 5.6 mEq/L
- C. Elevated white blood cell count
- D. Elevated cardiac troponin levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eplerenone is contraindicated in patients with elevated serum potassium levels (higher than 5.5 mEq/L). The other answers are incorrect.
During a follow-up visit, the health care provider examines the fundus of the patient's eye. Afterward, the patient asks the nurse, -Why is he looking at my eyes when I have high blood pressure? It does not make sense to me! What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. We need to monitor for drug toxicity.
- B. We must watch for increased intraocular pressure.
- C. The provider is assessing for visual changes that may occur with drug therapy.
- D. The provider is making sure the treatment is effective over the long term.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The physician would examine the fundus of a patient's eyes during antihypertensive therapy because it is a more reliable indicator than blood pressure readings of the long-term effectiveness of treatment.