Nokea
A patient is to receive methadone 2.5 mg intramuscularly (IM) now. The medication is available in a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters of methadone will be drawn up for this dose.
Correct Answer: 0.25 mL
Rationale: 10 mg : 1 mL :: 2.5 mg : x mL; (10 * x) = (1 * 2.5); 10x = 2.5; x = 0.25 mL.
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The opioid Vicodin (acetaminophen/hydrocodone) is prescribed for a patient who has had surgery. The nurse informs the patient that which common adverse effects can occur with this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Constipation
- C. Lightheadedness
- D. Nervousness
- E. Urinary retention
- F. Itching
Correct Answer: B,C,E,F
Rationale: Constipation (not diarrhea), lightheadedness (not nervousness), urinary retention, and itching are some of the common adverse effects that the patient may experience while taking opioids such as Vicodin.
A patient is suffering from tendonitis of the knee. The nurse is reviewing the patient's medication administration record and recognizes that which adjuvant medication is most appropriate for this type of pain?
- A. Antidepressant
- B. Anticonvulsant
- C. Corticosteroid
- D. Local anesthesia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect, which may help to reduce pain. The other medications do not have anti-inflammatory properties.
A patient had abdominal surgery this morning. The patient is groggy but complaining of severe pain around the incision. What is the most important assessment data to consider before the nurse administers a dose of morphine sulfate to the patient?
- A. The patient's pulse rate
- B. The patient's respiratory rate
- C. The appearance of the incision
- D. The date of the patient's last bowel movement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the most serious adverse effects of opioids is respiratory depression. The nurse must assess the patient's respiratory rate before administering an opioid. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been admitted to the emergency department for a possible opioid overdose. Which assessment finding is characteristic of an opioid drug overdose?
- A. Dilated pupils
- B. Restlessness
- C. Respiration rate of 6 breaths/min
- D. Heart rate of 55 beats/min
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most serious adverse effect of opioid use is CNS depression, which may lead to respiratory depression. Pinpoint pupils, not dilated pupils, are seen. Restlessness and a heart rate of 55 beats/min are not indications of an opioid overdose.
A patient was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer last month, and has complained of a dull ache in the abdomen for the past 4 months. This pain has been gradually increasing, and the pain relievers taken at home are no longer effective. What type of pain is the patient experiencing?
- A. Acute pain
- B. Chronic pain
- C. Somatic pain
- D. Neuropathic pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic pain is associated with cancer and is characterized by slow onset, long duration, and dull, persistent aching. The patient's symptoms are not characteristics of acute pain, somatic pain, or neuropathic pain.