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A patient newly diagnosed with a cervical disk herniation is receiving health education from the clinic nurse. What conservative management measures should the nurse teach the patient to implement?
- A. Perform active ROM exercises three times daily.
- B. Sleep on a firm mattress.
- C. Apply cool compresses to the back of the neck daily.
- D. Wear the cervical collar for at least 2 hours at a time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sleeping on a firm mattress promotes proper spinal alignment and pain relief. Active ROM, cool compresses, and limited collar use are not standard conservative measures.
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A patient with Parkinsons disease is experiencing episodes of constipation that are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. The patient states that he has been achieving relief for the past few weeks by using OTC laxatives. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Its important to drink plenty of fluids while youre taking laxatives.
- B. Make sure that you supplement your laxatives with a nutritious diet.
- C. Lets explore other options, because laxatives can have side effects and create dependency.
- D. You should ideally be using herbal remedies rather than medications to promote bowel function.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Laxatives risk dependency and side effects in Parkinson's patients. Exploring alternatives like diet or positioning is safer than fluids, nutrition alone, or herbal remedies.
A nurse is assessing a patient with an acoustic neuroma who has been recently admitted to an oncology unit. What symptoms is the nurse likely to find during the initial assessment?
- A. Loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo
- B. Loss of vision, change in mental status, and hyperthermia
- C. Loss of hearing, increased sodium retention, and hypertension
- D. Loss of vision, headache, and tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acoustic neuroma, a tumor of the eighth cranial nerve, affects hearing and balance, causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Vision loss, sodium retention, or tachycardia are not typical symptoms.
A patient with an inoperable brain tumor has been told that he has a short life expectancy. On what aspects of assessment and care should the home health nurse focus? Select all that apply.
- A. Pain control
- B. Management of treatment complications
- C. Interpretation of diagnostic tests
- D. Assistance with self-care
- E. Administration of treatments
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Home care for inoperable brain tumors focuses on pain control, complication management, self-care assistance, and treatment administration. Diagnostic test interpretation is not a nursing role.
A patient with Huntington disease has just been admitted to a long-term care facility. The charge nurse is creating a care plan for this patient. Nutritional management for a patient with Huntington disease should be informed by what principle?
- A. The patient is likely to have an increased appetite.
- B. The patient is likely to require enzyme supplements.
- C. The patient will likely require a clear liquid diet.
- D. The patient will benefit from a low-protein diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Huntington's disease causes increased appetite due to involuntary movements, requiring high-calorie diets. Enzyme supplements, clear liquids, or low-protein diets are not indicated.
A patient, brought to the clinic by his wife and son, is diagnosed with Huntington disease. When providing anticipatory guidance, the nurse should address the future possibility of what effect of Huntington disease?
- A. Metastasis
- B. Risk for stroke
- C. Emotional and personality changes
- D. Pathologic bone fractures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Huntington's disease causes significant emotional and personality changes due to neurologic degeneration. It is not malignant, nor does it increase stroke or fracture risk.