Nokea
A patient on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia as a common electrolyte imbalance.
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Grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins that have been found to:
- A. Alter absorption of drugs through competition for binding sites
- B. Inhibit CYP 3A4, leading to decreased first-pass metabolism of drugs
- C. Alter vitamin K metabolism, leading to prolonged bleeding
- D. Enhance absorption of calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice inhibit CYP3A4, reducing first-pass metabolism and increasing drug levels (e.g., statins).
A patient needs to take 1 g PO of cefadroxil. The drug comes in 500-mg tablets. How many tablets should the patient take?
- A. 0.5 tablet
- B. 1 tablet
- C. 2 tablets
- D. 3 tablets
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Convert 1 g to mg by multiplying 1 g times 1000 mg. There are 500 mg in each tablet. Dividing the 1000-mg prescribed dosage by the 500-mg available dosage, the answer is 2 tablets.
The treatment of hyperlipidemia with gemfibrozil plus lovastatin is associated with a high risk of:
- A. Constipation
- B. Myopathy
- C. Hepatitis
- D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Combining gemfibrozil and statins increases the risk of myopathy due to elevated statin levels.
A 64-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following medications would be a poor choice for controlling her diabetes?
- A. Exenatide
- B. Glyburide
- C. Nateglinide
- D. Rosiglitazone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rosiglitazone can worsen heart failure due to fluid retention and edema.
The client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine (Oncovin). The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates a side effect specific to this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Hair loss
- C. Chest pain
- D. Numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A side effect specific to vincristine is peripheral neuropathy, which occurs in almost every client. Peripheral neuropathy can be manifested as numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes. Depression of the Achilles tendon reflex may be the first clinical sign indicating peripheral neuropathy. Constipation rather than diarrhea is most likely to occur with this medication, although diarrhea may occur occasionally. Hair loss occurs with nearly all the antineoplastic medications. Chest pain is unrelated to this medication.