Nokea
A patient presents to her primary health care provider for treatment of herpes simplex. While obtaining the medical history of the patient, the nurse discovers that the patient has respiratory problems and uses theophylline. The primary health care provider considers prescribing acyclovir as the drug for treatment until she reads the nursing history. The nurse understands that the primary health care provider decided against the use of acyclovir for which reason?
- A. Increases the risk for acyclovir toxicity
- B. Increases the risk of seizures in patients with respiratory problems
- C. Increases serum level of theophylline in patients taking theophylline
- D. Increased serum levels of antiviral valacyclovir
- E. Increases risk of respiratory distress
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When patients receiving theophylline treatment are administered acyclovir, there is an increase in the serum level of theophylline, thus placing the client at risk for theophylline toxicity. The serum levels of acyclovir do not increase. Increased levels of valacyclovir occur if the patient is taking valacyclovir, not theophylline. Taking acyclovir with theophylline does not increase the risk of seizures or respiratory distress.
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Antiviral drugs have limited use because they are effective against only a small number of specific viral infections. The nurse would expect antiviral drugs to be used for which infection? Select all that apply.
- A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- D. Rotavirus
- E. Rhinovirus
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antiviral drugs are used in the treatment or prevention of infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, herpes zoster, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and hepatitis B and C. They are not used for rotavirus or rhinovirus infections.
When teaching a client about antiviral therapy, the nurse would include information about the possibility of which adverse reactions? Select all that apply.
- A. Rash
- B. Sedation
- C. Chills
- D. Diarrhea
- E. Headache
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Adverse reactions associated with antiviral drugs include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rash, fever, and insomnia.
A nursing instructor is describing the different categories of antiretroviral agents used in treatment for HIV infection. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which category as affecting an enzyme so that new viral particles cannot mature?
- A. Protease inhibitors
- B. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- C. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- D. Integrase inhibitors
- E. Entry inhibitors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protease inhibitors block the protease enzyme so the new viral particles cannot mature. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors block the reverse transcriptase enzyme so the HIV material cannot change into DNA in the new cell, preventing new HIV copies from being created. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors latch on to the reverse transcriptase molecule to block the ability to make viral DNA. Integrase inhibitors prevent enzymes from inserting HIV genetic material into the cell's DNA. Entry inhibitors block HIV from entering the cell.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about antiviral agents. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a drug category used for treating viral infections? Select all that apply.
- A. Antiattachment
- B. Antiretroviral
- C. Antitranscription
- D. Antireplication
- E. Antiviral
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: The drugs used to treat viral infections can be split into two categories: antiviral and antiretroviral agents.
A client is receiving antiretroviral therapy. Which adverse reactions would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? Select all that apply.
- A. Altered taste
- B. Peripheral numbness
- C. Oral candidiasis
- D. Rash
- E. Fever
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Adverse reactions associated with antiretroviral drugs are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, altered taste, headache, fever, chills, rash, and numbness and tingling in the circumoral area or peripherally or both. Oral candidiasis is not associated with antiretroviral therapy.