Nokea
Clients receiving antiretroviral drugs for HIV infection may continue to contract opportunistic infections. The nurse would be alert for which of the following when assessing the client during therapy? Select all that apply.
- A. Fever.
- B. Malaise
- C. Sore throat
- D. Lethargy
- E. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: The nurse's ongoing assessment of HIV-positive clients should include close monitoring for signs of infection such as fever, malaise, sore throat, or lethargy.
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A patient with skin lesions due to a viral infection has been prescribed a topical antiviral agent. When teaching the patient about this therapy, which of the following would the nurse emphasize?
- A. The drug will not prevent the spread of the disease to others.
- B. Topical drugs should be applied using the hand, not a finger cot or gloves.
- C. All lesions should be left open and not covered in any way.
- D. Sexual contact when lesions are present is permissible if barrier methods are used.
- E. Apply the drug twice daily for best results
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should inform the patient that application of the drug does not prevent the spread of the disease to others. Topical drugs should be applied with a finger cot or gloves but not with bare hands. The nurse should instruct the patient to cover all lesions and not leave them open. The nurse should also stress the importance of avoiding sexual contact when lesions are present irrespective of contraceptive measures. The frequency of application depends on the specific drug prescribed.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about antiviral agents. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a drug category used for treating viral infections? Select all that apply.
- A. Antiattachment
- B. Antiretroviral
- C. Antitranscription
- D. Antireplication
- E. Antiviral
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: The drugs used to treat viral infections can be split into two categories: antiviral and antiretroviral agents.
An HIV-positive patient on antiretroviral therapy informs the nurse that he is considering taking sildenafil. The nurse informs the patient that he may experience which of the following when taking sildenafil with antiretroviral therapy?
- A. Feching of dizziness
- B. Tching of skin
- C. Risk of hypotension
- D. Depression
- E. Nausea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should educate the patient regarding the associated risks, such as hypotension, visual disturbances, and prolonged penile erection. Feeling of dizziness, itching of skin, depression, and nausea are not conditions that are specifically associated with sildenafil and antiretroviral drugs.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client being treated with an antiviral drug. Which outcome would the nurse most likely identify? Select all that apply.
- A. Client remains free of other medical conditions.
- B. Client demonstrates an optimal response to therapy.
- C. Client exhibits continual changes in vital signs.
- D. Client demonstrates ability to manage adverse reactions.
- E. Client verbalizes understanding of the therapeutic regimen.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Optimal response to therapy and meeting of client needs related to the management of adverse reactions and an understanding of the therapeutic regimen are outcomes that should be addressed by the nurse in the planning step of the nursing process. Continually changing vital signs would be inappropriate. Remaining free of other medical conditions would be unrealistic.
When teaching a client about antiviral therapy, the nurse would include information about the possibility of which adverse reactions? Select all that apply.
- A. Rash
- B. Sedation
- C. Chills
- D. Diarrhea
- E. Headache
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Adverse reactions associated with antiviral drugs include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rash, fever, and insomnia.