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The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is to receive ritonavir. Which medication if found in the medication history would lead the nurse to contact the primary health care provider because the prescribed drug would be contraindicated? Select all that apply.
- A. Triazolam (Halcion)
- B. Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
- C. Zolpidem (Ambien)
- D. Lisinopril (Prinivil)
- E. Procainamide (Procanbid)
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Ritonavir (Norvir) is contraindicated if the client is taking bupropion (Wellbutrin), zolpidem (Ambien), or an antiarrhythmic drug.
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A group of nursing students are reviewing information about antiretroviral therapy. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which conditions as requiring cautious use of this class of drugs? Select all that apply.
- A. Diabetes
- B. Hemophilia
- C. Impaired hepatic function
- D. Impaired renal function
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antiretroviral drugs should be used cautiously in clients with diabetes, impaired hepatic function, pregnancy, or hemophilia.
A nurse is providing care to a client receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The nurse would expect the client to receive which of the following antiretroviral agents? Select all that apply.
- A. Protease inhibitors
- B. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- C. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- D. Entry inhibitors
- E. Integrase inhibitors
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: HAART includes three categories of antiretroviral drugs: protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
A patient with skin lesions due to a viral infection has been prescribed a topical antiviral agent. When teaching the patient about this therapy, which of the following would the nurse emphasize?
- A. The drug will not prevent the spread of the disease to others.
- B. Topical drugs should be applied using the hand, not a finger cot or gloves.
- C. All lesions should be left open and not covered in any way.
- D. Sexual contact when lesions are present is permissible if barrier methods are used.
- E. Apply the drug twice daily for best results
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should inform the patient that application of the drug does not prevent the spread of the disease to others. Topical drugs should be applied with a finger cot or gloves but not with bare hands. The nurse should instruct the patient to cover all lesions and not leave them open. The nurse should also stress the importance of avoiding sexual contact when lesions are present irrespective of contraceptive measures. The frequency of application depends on the specific drug prescribed.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client who is to receive antiviral therapy. Which nursing diagnoses would the nurse most likely include related to drug therapy? Select all that apply
- A. Acute Pain
- B. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
- C. Risk for Injury
- D. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition
- E. Body Image Disturbances
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Drug-specific diagnoses for antiviral drugs include Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition, Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity, Risk for Injury, Body Image Disturbance, and Acute Pain.
A nurse is preparing to administer ribavirin via inhalation to a client. Which of the following would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply.
- A. Administration is via a nebulizer.
- B. Solution should be discarded and replaced every 24 hours.
- C. Respiratory status can be worsened by the drug.
- D. Extrapyramidal effects can occur upon administration of the drug.
- E. Women of childbearing age should not inhale the drug.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Ribavirin is administered by inhalation using a small-particle aerosol generator. The solution should be discarded and replaced every 24 hours. This drug can worsen respiratory status, this drug is pregnancy category \mathrm{X}, and women of childbearing age should take care not to inhale the drug.