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After teaching a group of nursing students about antiretroviral drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify that these drugs are used to treat which infections? Select all that apply.
- A. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
- B. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- C. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- D. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1
- E. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV and AIDS.
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A nurse is preparing to administer antiviral therapy. The nurse integrates knowledge of this therapy, administering the drugs cautiously to clients with which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Hepatic impairment
- B. Renal impairment
- C. Diabetes
- D. Low blood cell count
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Antivirals should be used cautiously in clients with renal impairment, low blood cell counts, history of epilepsy (rimantadine), and history of respiratory disease (zanamivir).
A client is prescribed entecavir, which is supplied as a buffered powder. The nurse instructs the client to mix the powder with which of the following?
- A. Fruit juice
- B. Applesauce
- C. Water
- D. Gelatin
- E. Milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client should be instructed to mix the buffered powder with 4 ounces of water (not juice), stir until it is dissolved, and then drink it immediately. Using any other substance such as fruit juice, applesauce, gelatin, or milk would be inappropriate.
A client is receiving antiretroviral therapy. Which adverse reactions would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? Select all that apply.
- A. Altered taste
- B. Peripheral numbness
- C. Oral candidiasis
- D. Rash
- E. Fever
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Adverse reactions associated with antiretroviral drugs are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, altered taste, headache, fever, chills, rash, and numbness and tingling in the circumoral area or peripherally or both. Oral candidiasis is not associated with antiretroviral therapy.
A client diagnosed with HIV infection is receiving HAART. The client, who is alert and oriented, complains of anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. He has lost 10 pounds in the last 6 weeks. Additional assessment reveals pale, pink skin without any irritation or breakdown. He denies any complaints of pain. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse identify as the priority for this client?
- A. Risk for Injury
- B. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
- C. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
- D. Acute Pain
- E. Ineffective Coping
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client's complaints along with his weight loss strongly suggest a nursing diagnosis of Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements as a priority. The client is alert and oriented, so his risk for injury is significantly low. There is no evidence of impaired skin integrity at present. However, this may become a concern if the client begins toæ??æ³? experience skin breakdown secondary to his poor nutritional status. The client denies any pain, so Acute Pain would be inappropriate. Ineffective Coping is not supported by the provided assessment data.
Antiviral drugs have limited use because they are effective against only a small number of specific viral infections. The nurse would expect antiviral drugs to be used for which infection? Select all that apply.
- A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- D. Rotavirus
- E. Rhinovirus
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antiviral drugs are used in the treatment or prevention of infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, herpes zoster, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and hepatitis B and C. They are not used for rotavirus or rhinovirus infections.