Nokea
A nursing instructor is describing the different categories of antiretroviral agents used in treatment for HIV infection. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which category as affecting an enzyme so that new viral particles cannot mature?
- A. Protease inhibitors
- B. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- C. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- D. Integrase inhibitors
- E. Entry inhibitors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protease inhibitors block the protease enzyme so the new viral particles cannot mature. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors block the reverse transcriptase enzyme so the HIV material cannot change into DNA in the new cell, preventing new HIV copies from being created. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors latch on to the reverse transcriptase molecule to block the ability to make viral DNA. Integrase inhibitors prevent enzymes from inserting HIV genetic material into the cell's DNA. Entry inhibitors block HIV from entering the cell.
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A group of nursing students are reviewing information about antiretroviral therapy. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which conditions as requiring cautious use of this class of drugs? Select all that apply.
- A. Diabetes
- B. Hemophilia
- C. Impaired hepatic function
- D. Impaired renal function
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antiretroviral drugs should be used cautiously in clients with diabetes, impaired hepatic function, pregnancy, or hemophilia.
Antiviral drugs have limited use because they are effective against only a small number of specific viral infections. The nurse would expect antiviral drugs to be used for which infection? Select all that apply.
- A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- D. Rotavirus
- E. Rhinovirus
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antiviral drugs are used in the treatment or prevention of infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, herpes zoster, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and hepatitis B and C. They are not used for rotavirus or rhinovirus infections.
After teaching a group of nursing students about antiretroviral drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify that these drugs are used to treat which infections? Select all that apply.
- A. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
- B. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- C. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- D. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1
- E. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV and AIDS.
A patient who is receiving antiretroviral therapy is about to be discharged. Which of the following precautions should the nurse instruct the patient to follow to reduce the effects of photosensitivity?
- A. Wear protective clothing when outside.
- B. Increase fluid intake.
- C. Avoid lights while indoors.
- D. Use tanning beds for tan.
- E. Apply sunscreen daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should encourage the patient to wear protective clothing while going out in the sun to reduce the effect of photosensitivity. While increasing the fluid intake is recommended, it does not help combat the effects of photosensitivity. There is no need to avoid indoor lights as the skin becomes sensitive to sunlight but not indoor lights. The use of tanning beds should be avoided. Applying sunscreen daily is a good practice but was not listed as an option.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed amantadine. The nurse would assess the patient for which of the following?
- A. Asthenia and abdominal pain
- B. Fever and dizziness
- C. Anorexia and dyspnea
- D. Hypotension and insomnia
- E. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nurse should monitor the patient for hypotension and insomnia, since these are adverse reactions of amantadine. Asthenia and abdominal pain are adverse reactions of adefovir. Fever and dizziness are adverse reactions of acyclovir. Anorexia and dyspnea are adverse reactions of cidofovir. Nausea and vomiting are not specific adverse reactions of amantadine.