Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

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A patient presents with a pruritic, eczematous rash with erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. The patient reports a personal history of asthma and hay fever. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Atopic dermatitis
  • B. Contact dermatitis
  • C. Seborrheic dermatitis
  • D. Nummular eczema
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin condition that typically presents in individuals with a personal or family history of asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). The characteristic presentation includes erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. This type of dermatitis is commonly seen in patients with atopy, which refers to a genetic predisposition to develop allergic diseases like asthma, hay fever, and eczema. Therefore, given the patient's personal history of asthma and hay fever along with the described rash distribution and appearance, atopic dermatitis is the most likely diagnosis.

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The immunity conferred by tetanus toxoid is best described as:

  • A. Lifelong passive
  • B. Temporary passive
  • C. Long-lasting active
  • D. Lifelong active
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tetanus toxoid provides long-lasting active immunity. When a person is vaccinated with tetanus toxoid, their immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against the tetanus toxin. These antibodies provide protection against tetanus infection by recognizing and neutralizing the toxin if the person is exposed to the bacteria that causes tetanus in the future. This active immune response can last for many years, providing ongoing protection against tetanus. However, booster doses are recommended every 10 years to maintain adequate levels of protection.

When a patient develops a temperature of 39.8 degree centigrade after an abdominal surgery with an ongoing blood transfusion, the PACU nurse should notify the surgeon as this may indicate ______.

  • A. abdominal tissue injury
  • B. on going potential infection
  • C. post-anesthesia drug reaction
  • D. allergic reaction from blood transfusion
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A temperature of 39.8 degrees Celsius (103.6 degrees Fahrenheit) in a patient following abdominal surgery and ongoing blood transfusion may indicate an ongoing potential infection. During surgery, the body is exposed to various microorganisms, and the stress of surgery can weaken the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to infections. Blood transfusions also carry a risk of introducing infections if not properly screened. Therefore, in this situation, an elevated temperature may be a sign that an infection is developing, and prompt notification of the surgeon is important for further evaluation and management.

Which should be emhpasize by the nurse in her health teachings

  • A. Jogging a mile a day
  • B. Vigourous exercise
  • C. No need to diet
  • D. Weight reduction
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Weight reduction is the most important focus in the health teachings provided by the nurse. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for overall well-being and can significantly reduce the risk of various health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. By emphasizing weight reduction, the nurse can help improve the patient's overall health and quality of life. Jogging a mile a day and vigorous exercise are beneficial for weight management, but it is important to address the root cause of potential health problems which in this case may be excess weight. Moreover, emphasizing the importance of weight reduction does not necessarily mean encouraging extreme dieting; instead, it involves promoting a balanced and healthy approach to eating and physical activity.

Identify the causative agent of dengue fever.

  • A. Fomite
  • B. Bacteria
  • C. Vector
  • D. Virus
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The causative agent of dengue fever is a virus. Dengue fever is primarily transmitted to humans by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes act as vectors, carrying and transmitting the dengue virus (specifically four closely related but antigenically different serotypes: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4) to humans during the feeding process. The virus then replicates in the human body, causing symptoms of dengue fever. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Virus.

A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Hyperthyroidism
  • B. Hypothyroidism
  • C. Diabetes mellitus
  • D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms of polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger) are classic signs of diabetes mellitus. In this case, the presence of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (glucose in the urine) further support the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Insulin deficiency or resistance in diabetes leads to impaired glucose utilization and excessive glucose in the bloodstream, causing the classic symptoms observed in the patient. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome do not typically present with the hallmark symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

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