Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A patient presents with chest pain that occurs during emotional stress and resolves spontaneously. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may show transient ST-segment elevation. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Stable angina
  • B. Unstable angina
  • C. Acute myocardial infarction
  • D. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome, presents with symptoms similar to acute coronary syndrome, such as chest pain and ECG changes. In Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, chest pain typically occurs during emotional stress and resolves spontaneously, similar to the scenario described in the question. The ECG may show transient ST-segment elevation. This condition is characterized by a reversible left ventricular dysfunction that can mimic a myocardial infarction. Unlike stable angina (Choice A) and unstable angina (Choice B), Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is not related to coronary artery disease. Acute myocardial infarction (Choice C) typically presents with persistent ST-segment elevation on ECG and is caused by atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to myocardial infarction, which is not consistent with the transient ST-segment elevation seen in

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A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which instruction is essential for the nurse to include in patient education about warfarin therapy?

  • A. "Limit your intake of green leafy vegetables."
  • B. "Avoid activities that may increase your risk of bleeding."
  • C. "Take a double dose if you miss a dose to catch up."
  • D. "Report any unusual bleeding or bruising to your healthcare provider."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: It is essential for the nurse to instruct the patient to "Report any unusual bleeding or bruising to your healthcare provider." Warfarin is a medication that works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. This can increase the risk of bleeding, so it is important for the patient to be vigilant for any signs of abnormal bleeding. Prompt reporting of any unusual bleeding or bruising allows healthcare providers to adjust the dosage of warfarin to maintain a balance between preventing blood clots and minimizing the risk of bleeding complications. This instruction emphasizes the importance of close monitoring and communication with healthcare providers while on warfarin therapy.

Bleeding is the most serious complication of Dengue infection. When is the patient be watched for symptoms of bleeding?

  • A. 4 th to 7 days
  • B. 2nd to 3rd day
  • C. At the onset of symptoms
  • D. 1St day
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bleeding is the most serious complication of Dengue infection, typically occurring between the 4th to 7th day after the onset of symptoms. This is known as the critical phase of Dengue fever, where the patient is at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms such as bleeding manifestations. Monitoring for symptoms of bleeding during this period is crucial for timely intervention and proper management to prevent further complications or fatalities. While bleeding can occur outside this timeframe in some cases, the 4th to 7th day window is when the risk is highest and vigilance is most needed.

Which among the following is TRUE about mother and child health in the Philippines (among ASEAN) that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law? I. Fastest decline in maternal mortality rate II. Number one highest in infant mortality rate III. Fastest rising HIV/AIDS IV. Highest TB burden

  • A. II, III, IV
  • B. I, II
  • C. I, II, III
  • D. III, IV
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The options provided focus on specific health indicators related to mother and child health in the Philippines among ASEAN countries that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law.

A nurse is preparing to perform a bladder catheterization for a patient with urinary retention. What action should the nurse prioritize to minimize the risk of infection?

  • A. Using sterile gloves and a surgical mask during catheterization
  • B. Cleansing the perineal area with povidone-iodine solution before catheter insertion
  • C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics before the catheterization procedure
  • D. Using aseptic technique and sterile equipment during catheter insertion
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Using aseptic technique and sterile equipment during catheter insertion is crucial for minimizing the risk of infection during bladder catheterization. Aseptic technique involves maintaining a sterile field, washing hands thoroughly, using sterile gloves, and ensuring that all equipment used is sterile. By following these practices, the nurse can prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary tract, reducing the likelihood of infection in the patient. While cleansing the perineal area with antiseptic solutions is important for general hygiene, the priority for infection prevention during catheterization lies in maintaining a sterile environment during the procedure. Administering prophylactic antibiotics is not routinely recommended for catheterization unless there are specific risk factors present.

Which of the following conditions may lead to death in a bulimic patient like sherry?

  • A. Hypokalemia and cardiac arrhythmias and arrest
  • B. Metabolic acidosis and renal failure
  • C. Hyponatremia and circulatory collapse
  • D. Hypernatremia and congestive heart failure
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise. The repeated purging in bulimia can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia (low potassium levels). Hypokalemia is a serious condition that can affect the function of the heart's electrical system, potentially leading to the development of cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) and even cardiac arrest, which can result in death. Therefore, in a bulimic patient like Sherry, the risk of death is most likely due to the combination of hypokalemia and its complications, such as cardiac arrhythmias and arrest.

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