Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a barrier to successful negotiation?
- A. Avoiding phrases that are coercive
- B. Becoming emotional
- C. Viewing negotiation as collaborative
- D. Understanding others' perspectives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Becoming emotional is an example of a barrier to successful negotiation because emotions can cloud judgment, lead to irrational decision-making, and hinder effective communication. When negotiating, it is important to remain calm, composed, and rational to navigate the discussion effectively. Emotions can derail the negotiation process, making it challenging to find common ground and reach a mutually beneficial agreement.
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A client with end-stage renal disease decides against further treatment and requests a "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order. The DNR status is part of the change-of-shift report. The client stops breathing and a nurse begins cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The family is upset and makes a complaint to the charge nurse. The charge nurse appropriately identifies that nurse has committed:
- A. Defamation
- B. assault
- C. battery .
- D. fraud.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Battery occurs when there is an intentional touching of another person without their consent. In this case, the nurse began cardiopulintary resuscitation on a client who had requested a "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order, which means the client did not consent to the resuscitation. This action can be considered as battery because the client's wishes were not respected, and the nurse proceeded with a medical intervention against those wishes, leading to harm and potential legal consequences. This is different from assault, which involves a threat of force, and from defamation and fraud, which are not applicable to this situation.
The patient made the following statement to the nurse, my doctor just told me that he cannot save my Leg and that I need to have an above-the-knee-amputation. Which response by the nurse is MOST APPROPRIATE?
- A. " Tell me more"
- B. "Dr. Benito is an excellent surgeon."
- C. "If I were you, I will get a second opinion."
- D. "Are you in pain?"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is, "If I were you, I will get a second opinion." This response acknowledges the seriousness of the situation and the life-changing decision the patient has been told to make. Suggesting the patient seek a second opinion is essential as it encourages the patient to explore all options and ensures they have considered all possibilities before proceeding with a major surgery like an above-the-knee amputation. It shows the nurse's support for the patient while also advocating for the patient's right to make an informed decision about their healthcare.
Which is the MOST appropriate intervention should the nurse do to help family perform the health tasks?
- A. Allow family to decide to use health resources
- B. Help the family recognize the problem
- C. Leave the family what action take on their problem
- D. Refer family to barangay offficials for guidance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Helping the family recognize the problem is the most appropriate intervention to assist them in performing health tasks. By recognizing the problem, the family can better understand the need for action and be motivated to take steps to address it. This intervention enables the family to become more engaged in their healthcare decision-making process and enhances their ability to effectively manage their health tasks. It empowers them to seek appropriate health resources and make informed choices in promoting their health and well-being. Ultimately, by acknowledging the problem, the family is better equipped to initiate positive changes and improve their overall health outcomes.
Which of the following conditions is characterized by chronic hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart failure?
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- B. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
- C. Pulmonary embolism (PE)
- D. Cor pulmonale
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cor pulmonale is a condition characterized by right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension, which is often caused by chronic hypoxemia. Chronic hypoxemia occurs in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where there is limited airflow in and out of the lungs, leading to low oxygen levels in the blood. However, the specific characteristic of pulmonary hypertension leading to right heart failure distinguishes cor pulmonale from COPD. Other conditions like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary embolism (PE) may also lead to hypoxemia but are not primarily associated with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure as in cor pulmonale.
The nurse specialist explains the characteristics of Hodgkin`s disease. Which of the following is NOT a characteristics of Hodgkin`s disease?
- A. There is presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
- B. The disease occurs the most often in the older adult
- C. The lymph nodes, spleen, and liver are involved
- D. The prognosis depends on the stage of the disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hodgkin's disease commonly affects young adults between the ages of 15 to 35 and older adults over the age of 50. It is not a disease that occurs most often in older adults. In fact, Hodgkin's disease has a bimodal distribution, meaning it peaks in young adults and again in older adults. It is important to consider the age distribution when suspecting Hodgkin's disease and not exclusively associate it with older adults.