Nokea
A patient presents with chest pain that worsens with inspiration and is relieved by sitting forward. There is also evidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremity. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Aortic dissection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's presenting symptoms of chest pain worsened by inspiration and relieved by sitting forward, with associated DVT in the lower extremity, suggest a high likelihood of pulmonary embolism. Chest pain that worsens with inspiration due to pleuritic involvement is a classic symptom of pulmonary embolism. Additionally, the presence of DVT in the lower extremity represents a risk factor for the development of pulmonary embolism, as clots originating in the deep veins can travel to the pulmonary circulation to cause an obstruction. Patients with pulmonary embolism may also exhibit signs of right heart strain, such as tachycardia, tachypnea, and sometimes hemoptysis.
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The universal health law focuses on the population. If a pregnant woman has been found and diagnosed to have preeclampsia, the focus of health care is on the ________.
- A. Population group
- B. Community
- C. Individual
- D. Family
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a pregnant woman is diagnosed with preeclampsia, the focus of health care shifts to the individual woman herself. Preeclampsia is a serious condition that affects the health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child. The healthcare team will prioritize the care and treatment of the woman to ensure her well-being and safety. In this scenario, the emphasis is on providing personalized and targeted care to address the needs of the individual patient, rather than a broader focus on population groups, communities, or families.
What is the BEST urine sample to be used for an accurate result of pregnancy test done at home?
- A. First-voided evening urine
- B. First-voided morning urine
- C. Mid-afternoon urine sample
- D. Random urine sample
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First-voided morning urine is the best urine sample to be used for an accurate result of a pregnancy test done at home because it is more concentrated compared to urine samples collected at other times of the day. Overnight, the hCG hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin) builds up in a woman's body, making the early morning urine more likely to contain higher levels of hCG if a woman is pregnant. The concentrated nature of first-morning urine reduces the chances of false-negative results since it provides a higher concentration of the hormone that the test is designed to detect. Therefore, using first-morning urine increases the sensitivity of the pregnancy test and improves the accuracy of the results.
A patient presents with a history of recurrent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and gum bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged bleeding time and normal platelet count, PT, and aPTT. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Von Willebrand disease
- B. Hemophilia A
- C. Thrombocytopenia
- D. Factor V Leiden mutation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Von Willebrand disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder that results from a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein that plays a key role in platelet adhesion and the initiation of primary hemostasis. The clinical manifestations of von Willebrand disease include recurrent mucocutaneous bleeding, such as nosebleeds, easy bruising, and gum bleeding. Laboratory findings typically show a prolonged bleeding time due to impaired platelet function, while platelet count, PT (prothrombin time), and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) are usually normal. This distinguishes von Willebrand disease from other bleeding disorders such as hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency), which would show abnormal PT and aPTT due to deficiencies in specific clotting factors. Thrombocytopenia, on the other hand, would be characterized by a low platelet count
In CO-PAR, which is the MOST important role of the public health nurse?
- A. Caregiver
- B. Financer
- C. Expert
- D. Adviser
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of CO-PAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research), the most important role of the public health nurse is being an expert. Public health nurses are expected to have specialized knowledge and skills in the field of public health, allowing them to provide evidence-based guidance and interventions to support community health initiatives. As an expert, the public health nurse can assess community needs, develop appropriate interventions, educate community members on health promotion and disease prevention, and evaluate the effectiveness of implemented programs. By utilizing their expertise, public health nurses can effectively contribute to improving the health outcomes and well-being of the community they serve.
When the nurse researcher collects data at more than one point over an extended period, which design is applied?
- A. Cross-sectional
- B. Time sequenced
- C. Time-related
- D. Longitudinal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a longitudinal study design, the nurse researcher collects data at multiple points over an extended period of time. This design allows for the examination of changes or trends over time within the same group of participants. It helps in understanding the long-term effects and relationships between variables by tracking the same individuals over a prolonged duration. This design is particularly useful in studying developmental patterns, chronic diseases, or long-term treatment outcomes.