Nokea
A patient presents with claudication symptoms and diminished pulses. Which of the following is consistent with chronic arterial insufficiency?
- A. Pallor of the foot when raised to 60 degrees for one minute
- B. Return of color to the skin within 5 seconds of allowing legs to dangle
- C. Filling of the veins of the ankles within 10 seconds of allowing the legs to dangle
- D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Pallor of the foot when raised to 60 degrees for one minute is consistent with chronic arterial insufficiency. When the foot is raised, blood flow decreases, leading to decreased oxygenation and pallor in the presence of arterial insufficiency. This is known as the dependent rubor test, and the delayed return of color is indicative of impaired blood flow.
Choice B is incorrect because a quick return of color within 5 seconds suggests normal vascular perfusion. Choice C is incorrect as filling of veins within 10 seconds indicates venous insufficiency rather than arterial insufficiency. Choice D, hyperpigmentation of the skin, is not a typical finding in chronic arterial insufficiency.
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Which scientist is credited with the discovery of X-rays, and in what year did this discovery occur?
- A. Marie Curie in 1903
- B. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895
- C. Thomas Edison in 1896
- D. Albert Einstein in 1905
Correct Answer: B
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A 12-year-old presents to the clinic with his father for evaluation of a painful lump in the left eye. It started this morning. He denies any trauma or injury. There is no visual disturbance. Upon physical examination, there is a red raised area at the margin of the eyelid that is tender to palpation; no tearing occurs with palpation of the lesion. Based on this description, what is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Dacryocystitis
- B. Chalazion
- C. Hordeolum
- D. Xanthelasma
Correct Answer: C
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Which is a true statement about varicose veins?
- A. They are due to congenital valve deformities
- B. They are usually diagnosed on clinical presentation
- C. They are not affected by pregnancy
- D. They are more symptomatic during ovulation
Correct Answer: B
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A: Varicose veins are not typically due to congenital valve deformities but rather develop over time due to weakened vein walls and valves.
C: Varicose veins can be affected by pregnancy due to hormonal changes and increased pressure on the veins.
D: Varicose veins may not necessarily be more symptomatic during ovulation; symptoms can vary based on individual factors.
A patient presents with decreased hearing related to antibiotic use. Which class of antibiotics is this?
- A. Aminoglycosides
- B. Beta-lactams
- C. Cephalosporins
- D. Macrolides
Correct Answer: A
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You want to start pharmacologic treatment for depression in an older patient who is taking numerous medications. Which of the following antidepressants is the least likely to cause drug-drug interactions?
- A. Citalopram
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- C. Paroxetine
- D. Venlafaxine
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I believe you made a typo in listing the correct answer as "E" while there is no "E" option in the choices provided. Could you please confirm the correct answer choice so I can provide you with a detailed explanation and summary of why the correct answer is correct and why the other choices are incorrect?