Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final Related

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A patient presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Hyperthyroidism
  • B. Hypothyroidism
  • C. Diabetes mellitus
  • D. Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue align with the classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The laboratory findings of hypernatremia (high sodium levels), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), and metabolic acidosis further support this diagnosis. In diabetes mellitus, the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels due to either insufficient insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or ineffective use of insulin by the cells (Type 2 diabetes). This leads to high blood sugar levels, causing symptoms such as polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and fatigue. The metabolic acidosis is a result of the body's breakdown of fats and proteins for energy due to the lack of glucose utilization in the cells.

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A woman in active labor is receiving intravenous fentanyl for pain relief. What fetal assessment finding indicates potential neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)?

  • A. Hypertonicity
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. Hypoglycemia
  • D. Respiratory depression
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS), previously known as Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), can occur when a newborn is exposed to opioids in utero. Opioid exposure in utero can lead to physical dependence in the fetus, and when the drug is no longer available after birth, withdrawal symptoms can occur.

The patient record (charts) are collected every three nights from the various departments. The night nurse is EXPECTED to do the following, EXCEPT,

  • A. ensure the correct order of the chart.
  • B. see to the completeness of the chart pages.
  • C. bind the charts as they are
  • D. tape or repair torn pages
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The night nurse is expected to collect the patient charts from various departments every three nights. Among the tasks listed, binding the charts as they are is not typically a responsibility of the night nurse. This task is usually handled by administrative staff or professional medical records technicians who are trained to manage the organization and storage of patient charts. The night nurse's primary focus should be on ensuring the correct order of the charts, checking for completeness, and addressing any issues such as torn pages by taping or repairing them to maintain the integrity of the patient records.

A patient with a history of heart failure presents with dependent edema in the lower extremities. Which nursing action is most appropriate for managing the patient's edema?

  • A. Applying compression stockings
  • B. Elevating the legs above heart level
  • C. Administering diuretics as prescribed
  • D. Encouraging increased fluid intake
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing action for managing a patient with dependent edema in the lower extremities is to administer diuretics as prescribed. Diuretics help the body remove excess fluid, reducing swelling and edema in the extremities. It is important to follow the healthcare provider's orders for administering diuretics to ensure the patient's fluid balance is managed effectively. While elevating the legs above heart level and applying compression stockings may provide temporary relief, addressing the underlying cause of fluid retention with diuretics is essential for long-term management of the edema in a patient with heart failure. Encouraging increased fluid intake would not be appropriate in this case, as the focus should be on reducing fluid overload rather than increasing fluid intake.

A nurse is advocating for a patient's rights within the healthcare system. What action by the nurse demonstrates advocacy?

  • A. Making decisions for the patient without their input
  • B. Collaborating with the healthcare team to develop a care plan
  • C. Encouraging the patient to follow the healthcare provider's orders
  • D. Speaking up on behalf of the patient to ensure their needs are met
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Speaking up on behalf of the patient to ensure their needs are met is a key action that demonstrates advocacy by the nurse. Advocacy involves actively supporting and safeguarding the rights of the patient, ensuring that their best interests are being considered within the healthcare system. This may include advocating for appropriate treatment, services, resources, or respect for the patient's autonomy and decision-making. By speaking up for the patient, the nurse is acting as their voice and championing their well-being.

In the care of patients with communicable diseases, Nurse Keena should know that feces, urine, blood and other body fluids are considered as ______.

  • A. Portal of entry
  • B. Reservoir of agent
  • C. Vehicles of transmission
  • D. Portal of exit
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Feces, urine, blood, and other body fluids are considered as vehicles of transmission in the context of communicable diseases. These substances can carry and transmit disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites from infected individuals to others. Through close contact or exposure to these contaminated body fluids, the pathogens can enter the body of another person and cause infection. Nurses like Nurse Keena must exercise caution and use appropriate infection control measures to prevent transmission of communicable diseases through these vehicles.

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