Nokea
A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen. Imaging reveals a solid renal mass with calcifications. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
- A. Renal cell carcinoma
- B. Renal cyst
- C. Pyelonephritis
- D. Renal abscess
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen is characteristic of renal cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma is a common type of kidney cancer that often presents with these symptoms. The presence of a solid renal mass with calcifications on imaging further supports this diagnosis, as renal cell carcinoma is known to have this appearance on imaging studies. It is important to promptly evaluate and manage patients with suspected renal cell carcinoma to optimize outcomes.
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Cell-mediated immunity is NOT usually associated with what condition:
- A. Rejection of tissue graft
- B. Production of antibodies
- C. Skin hypersensitivity reaction
- D. Surveying for malignant cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cell-mediated immunity is a type of immune response that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells. It does not involve the production of antibodies, which are the primary component of humoral immunity. Antibodies are produced by B cells and are responsible for targeting extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. In contrast, cell-mediated immunity is more focused on targeting intracellular pathogens, cancerous cells, and other cells that have been compromised. So, production of antibodies is not usually associated with cell-mediated immunity.
On the question as to which of the following are the effects of AIDS on pregnancy, one teenager cited a wrong answer which was ________.
- A. Mild weight loss
- B. Repeated abortion
- C. Prematurity
- D. Infertility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The effects of AIDS on pregnancy do not generally include repeated abortion as a direct consequence. AIDS can impact pregnancy by increasing the risk of complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and potential transmission of the virus from mother to child. Infertility can also be a concern, but repeated abortion is not a common effect of AIDS on pregnancy. It is important to provide accurate information about the effects of AIDS on pregnancy to ensure proper understanding and support for individuals affected by this condition.
It mandates the compulsory Immunization of children below 8 years
- A. PD 996
- B. RA 11223
- C. RA 9173
- D. RA 10912
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Republic Act 9173, also known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, mandates the compulsory immunization of children below 8 years. This law ensures that young children receive necessary vaccines to protect them from preventable diseases and promote public health. RA 9173 is a significant legislation that highlights the importance of immunization in safeguarding the well-being of children in the Philippines.
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's bleeding?
- A. Perform endoscopic hemostasis with mechanical or thermal techniques.
- B. Administer proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce gastric acid secretion.
- C. Implement strict bed rest to minimize physical exertion and bleeding risk.
- D. Recommend transfusion of fresh frozen plasma to correct coagulopathy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with acute gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention, the healthcare team should prioritize performing endoscopic hemostasis with mechanical or thermal techniques. Endoscopy allows for direct visualization of the source of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, enabling targeted interventions such as clipping, cauterization, or injection of epinephrine to achieve hemostasis. This approach is effective in managing acute bleeds and can help stop the bleeding quickly, reducing the need for more invasive procedures or surgeries. Administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be considered for acid-related bleeding, but it is not the primary intervention for acute bleeding requiring urgent management. Strict bed rest may not be necessary and can increase the risk of complications such as deep vein thrombosis. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma may be indicated if there is evidence of coagulopathy, but addressing the bleeding source should be the initial priority to
Nurse Sandy selected a framework which focuses " that humans are in constant relationship with stressors in the environment and that nursing is keeping the patient's system adjust to wellness which is BEST reflected in _______.
- A. Parse's human becoming theory
- B. Peplau's psychodynamic theory
- C. Neuman's adaptation model
- D. Swanson's theory of caring
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuman's adaptation model, also known as the Neuman Systems Model, is a nursing theory that focuses on how individuals respond to stressors in their environment. The model views individuals as being in a constant state of dynamic equilibrium, where they are interacting with stressors that can disrupt their normal functioning. Nursing care, according to this model, is aimed at helping individuals maintain or restore their optimal level of wellness by assisting them in adapting to these stressors. Therefore, Nurse Sandy's selection of a framework that emphasizes the constant relationship between humans and stressors in the environment aligns best with Neuman's adaptation model.