Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

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A patient presents with gradual-onset weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, and positive Babinski sign. Imaging reveals demyelinating plaques in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
  • B. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • C. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
  • D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described - gradual-onset weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski sign, and demyelinating plaques in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord - are indicative of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheath, leading to the formation of plaques in the central nervous system. The characteristic symptoms of MS include weakness, spasticity (stiffness in muscles), hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflex responses), and positive Babinski sign (upward movement of the big toe). While ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) presents with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy without sensory involvement and demyelinating plaques, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is typically an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy affecting peripheral nerves rather than the central nervous system, and myast

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In assigning rooms for the injured patients, the nurses should coordinate with the Administration. Which of the following is the CORRECT room assignment?

  • A. Insurance company should be followed according to premiums paid by the transport operator.
  • B. Mother should be separated from each other for case classification.
  • C. Mother and child should be together in one room.
  • D. Transport operator should designate the rooms according to social status of patients.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In assigning rooms for the injured patients, the most appropriate and compassionate choice is to have mother and child together in one room. This decision prioritizes the well-being and emotional support for the child, as having the mother nearby can have a positive impact on the child's recovery. It also promotes family bonding during a difficult time, which can aid in the healing process. Additionally, the presence of a parent can provide comfort and reassurance to the child, contributing to a more positive hospital experience. Therefore, it is important for the nurses to coordinate with the Administration to ensure that mother and child are assigned to the same room whenever possible.

As a strong believer of her faith and the need for spiritual guidance, patient Ximena requests that she wants that clergy will visit her. How did nurse Parker function when she initiated the visit?

  • A. Dependently
  • B. Interdependently
  • C. Collegially
  • D. Independently
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Parker functioned independently when she initiated the visit by arranging for the clergy to see patient Ximena. In this scenario, the nurse took the initiative on her own without needing approval or direction from others. She recognized the patient's request for spiritual guidance and took independent action to meet that need. Independently functioning in this context demonstrates the nurse's autonomy and ability to make decisions based on the patient's preferences and well-being.

Which BEST describes the planning function of Nurse Ellen in her role as nurse manager?

  • A. Get and develop people to do work
  • B. Distributes and arranges work to ensure smooth operation of the unit.
  • C. Determines the actual performance compared with the desired output.
  • D. Determine how to achieve the mandate of work.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The planning function of Nurse Ellen in her role as a nurse manager best corresponds to option D, which is to determine how to achieve the mandate of work. Planning involves setting objectives, developing strategies, and outlining the steps to accomplish those objectives. As a nurse manager, Nurse Ellen would be responsible for creating plans to ensure the effective delivery of patient care, efficient allocation of resources, and meeting the organizational goals of the unit. By determining how to achieve the work mandate, Nurse Ellen can effectively lead her team, allocate resources efficiently, and navigate any challenges that may arise in the operation of the nursing unit.

A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's bleeding?

  • A. Perform endoscopic hemostasis with mechanical or thermal techniques.
  • B. Administer proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce gastric acid secretion.
  • C. Implement strict bed rest to minimize physical exertion and bleeding risk.
  • D. Recommend transfusion of fresh frozen plasma to correct coagulopathy.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with acute gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention, the healthcare team should prioritize performing endoscopic hemostasis with mechanical or thermal techniques. Endoscopy allows for direct visualization of the source of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, enabling targeted interventions such as clipping, cauterization, or injection of epinephrine to achieve hemostasis. This approach is effective in managing acute bleeds and can help stop the bleeding quickly, reducing the need for more invasive procedures or surgeries. Administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be considered for acid-related bleeding, but it is not the primary intervention for acute bleeding requiring urgent management. Strict bed rest may not be necessary and can increase the risk of complications such as deep vein thrombosis. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma may be indicated if there is evidence of coagulopathy, but addressing the bleeding source should be the initial priority to

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed albuterol (salbutamol) inhaler as a rescue medication. Which of the following best describes the pharmacological action of albuterol?

  • A. Anticholinergic
  • B. Beta-adrenergic agonist
  • C. Corticosteroid
  • D. Methylxanthine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is a beta-adrenergic agonist medication commonly used for the treatment of conditions such as asthma and COPD. As a beta-adrenergic agonist, albuterol binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, causing bronchodilation, which helps to relieve bronchospasms and improve airflow to the lungs. This action leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle in the airways, thus making breathing easier for patients with COPD or asthma. Anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and methylxanthines have different mechanisms of action and are not directly related to the pharmacological action of albuterol in COPD treatment.

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