Nokea
A patient presents with hoarseness, dysphonia, and occasional throat pain. Direct laryngoscopy reveals vocal cord nodules. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for managing this condition?
- A. Vocal cord polypectomy
- B. Vocal cord injection with corticosteroids
- C. Voice therapy and vocal hygiene education
- D. Partial laryngectomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vocal cord nodules are benign growths on the vocal cords, typically caused by vocal abuse or misuse. The most appropriate intervention for managing vocal cord nodules is voice therapy and vocal hygiene education. Voice therapy aims to correct vocal habits and techniques that contribute to the formation of nodules, while vocal hygiene education focuses on maintaining vocal health through proper hydration, rest, and avoiding behaviors that strain the vocal cords. These interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing and eliminating vocal cord nodules without the need for surgical intervention. Surgery, such as vocal cord polypectomy or injection with corticosteroids, is typically reserved for cases that do not respond to conservative management or if there are significant complications. Partial laryngectomy is a more extensive surgical procedure that is not typically indicated for vocal cord nodules.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient and the patient is harmed. The physician who ordered the medication did not read the documentation that the patient was allergic to the drug. Which statement is true regarding liability for the administration of the wrong medication?
- A. The nurse is not responsible, because the nurse was merely following the doctor's orders.
- B. Only the nurse is responsible, because the nurse actually administered the medication.
- C. Only the physician is responsible, because the physician actually ordered the drug.
- D. Both the nurse and the physician are responsible for their respective actions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a situation where a nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient resulting in harm, both the nurse and the physician can be held liable for their respective roles in the error. The nurse is responsible for administering the incorrect medication, which is a violation of their duty to provide safe and appropriate care. However, the physician is also responsible because they failed to review the patient's documentation indicating the allergy to the medication before ordering it. As healthcare professionals, both the nurse and the physician have a duty of care to ensure patient safety, and in this case, both individuals failed in their responsibilities, leading to the harm caused to the patient. Therefore, both the nurse and the physician can be held accountable for the error.
The aim of pelvic muscle exercises for the patient with urinary incontinence is to strengthen the muscles that control the
- A. vagina and rectum
- B. bowel and the bladder
- C. perineal area
- D. vagina and urethra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The aim of pelvic muscle exercises for a patient with urinary incontinence is to strengthen the muscles that control the vagina and urethra. These exercises, known as Kegel exercises, target the pelvic floor muscles that support the pelvic organs and help in controlling urinary function. Strengthening these muscles can help improve bladder control and reduce or eliminate urinary incontinence. Exercises that target the perineal area can also be beneficial in managing urinary incontinence, but the main focus is on strengthening the muscles that control the vagina and urethra.
Which nursing intervention constitutes false imprisonment?
- A. A client is hospitalized as an involuntary admission and attempts to leave the unit. The nurse calls the security team per hospital protocol. They prevent the client from leaving.
- B. A psychotic client is admitted as an involuntary client and runs out of the psychiatric unit. The nurse runs after the client and succeeds in talking the client into returning to the unit.
- C. The client has been "pesky," seeking the attention of nurses in the nurses' station much of the day.
- D. The client is confused, combative, and insists that no one can stop him from leaving. The nurse restrains the client without a physician's order, then seeks the order.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: False imprisonment occurs when a client is physically restrained or confined without legal justification. In this scenario, the nurse restraining the confused and combative client without a physician's order constitutes false imprisonment. Restraints should only be used when necessary to ensure the safety of the client or others, and a physician's order is required to authorize their use. In this case, the nurse acted without proper authorization, making it a violation of the client's rights and false imprisonment. It is essential to follow proper protocols and obtain necessary orders before restraining a client.
A patient presents with sudden-onset severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and inability to pass urine. On physical examination, there is suprapubic tenderness and a palpable bladder. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Acute pyelonephritis
- B. Acute urinary retention
- C. Renal colic
- D. Bladder cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's presentation with sudden-onset severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, inability to pass urine, suprapubic tenderness, and a palpable bladder is classic for acute urinary retention. Acute urinary retention is a urological emergency characterized by the sudden inability to pass urine due to the inability to empty the bladder completely. The palpable bladder on physical examination indicates significant bladder distension. This condition can be caused by multiple factors such as bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic causes, or medications affecting bladder function. Prompt intervention is necessary to relieve the bladder distension, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications like bladder rupture.
Nurse Crissel also asked the participants if they got to know the transmission of HIV based from her lecture? Which is NOT correct?
- A. Accidental blood exposure
- B. Kissing
- C. Unprotected sex
- D. Mother to child transmission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurse Crissel likely informed the participants that HIV is not casually transmitted through activities like kissing. HIV transmission primarily occurs through activities that involve the exchange of bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Accidental blood exposure, unprotected sex, and mother to child transmission are known routes of HIV transmission due to the direct exchange of bodily fluids containing the virus. However, the virus is not spread through saliva, including activities like kissing, which do not involve the exchange of significant amounts of bodily fluids.