Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A patient presents with progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Audiometric testing reveals sensorineural hearing loss with a "carrot-shaped" configuration. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Presbycusis
  • B. Noise-induced hearing loss
  • C. Ménière's disease
  • D. Acoustic neuroma
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ménière's disease is characterized by the triad of symptoms including progressive sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. The audiometric testing in Ménière's disease often shows a "carrot-shaped" configuration, which refers to low-frequency hearing loss initially and eventually spreading to involve higher frequencies. This distinctive pattern of hearing loss helps differentiate Ménière's disease from other causes like Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) or Noise-induced hearing loss. Acoustic neuroma can present with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss but typically does not exhibit the specific "carrot-shaped" configuration seen in Ménière's disease.

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Patient Presley who is ordered for diagnostic pelvic ultrasound asks what preparation she' 11 take. Appropriate preparations for this procedure include_________.

  • A. explanation of the procedure
  • B. NPO 6 hours before
  • C. informed consent
  • D. voiding
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a diagnostic pelvic ultrasound, one important preparation is to have the patient void or empty their bladder before the procedure. This allows for better visualization of the pelvic organs and structures during the ultrasound scan. A full bladder can obstruct the view and make it difficult to obtain accurate images. Therefore, it is essential for the patient to follow instructions to empty their bladder before the pelvic ultrasound to ensure the best results.

In a conscious trauma patient with a suspected head injury, which of the following actions is appropriate?

  • A. Applying direct pressure to the wound.
  • B. Administering aspirin for pain relief.
  • C. Maintaining cervical spine immobilization.
  • D. Assessing pupil reaction to light.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a conscious trauma patient with a suspected head injury, maintaining cervical spine immobilization is crucial. The presence of a head injury raises concerns for potential concomitant cervical spine injury. Therefore, it is vital to prevent any movement of the cervical spine to avoid exacerbating a potential spinal cord injury. Maintaining immobilization involves stabilizing the patient's head and neck in a neutral position until appropriate imaging studies can assess the extent of any spinal injury. This action helps prevent further harm and ensures the safety of the patient during assessment and management of their injuries.

Which of the following is a surgical procedure commonly performed to treat carpal tunnel syndrome?

  • A. Ulnar nerve transposition
  • B. Median nerve release
  • C. Radial nerve decompression
  • D. Brachial plexus neurolysis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist. The surgical procedure commonly performed to treat carpal tunnel syndrome is called median nerve release or carpal tunnel release. During this surgery, the transverse carpal ligament is divided to relieve pressure on the median nerve, reducing symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers. The goal of this procedure is to improve nerve function and reduce symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.

One evening, Sonny complained of dyspnea despite continuous oxygen therapy. What should be the FIRST action of the nurse?

  • A. Reassess the client.
  • B. Give PRN medication.
  • C. Assess the patency of the tubing.
  • D. Refer client to the physician.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The FIRST action of the nurse should be to reassess the client experiencing dyspnea despite continuous oxygen therapy. Reassessment would involve checking the client's respiratory status, oxygen saturation levels, vital signs, and overall condition to gather more information about the situation. This will help the nurse identify any potential causes of the dyspnea and determine the appropriate next steps for intervention. Assessing the client before proceeding with any other actions is crucial in providing safe and effective care.

In caring for this patient suffering from anorexia nervous, which task can be delegated to the nursing assistant?

  • A. Obtaining special food for the patient when she request it
  • B. Sitting with the patient during meals and for about an hour after/meals
  • C. Weighing the patient daily and reinforcing that she is underweight
  • D. Observing for reporting ritualistic behaviors related to food
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Task A, obtaining special food for the patient when she requests it, can be delegated to the nursing assistant. This task involves simple assistance with gathering food items and does not require specific medical knowledge or interventions. Tasks B, C, and D involve more direct patient care and assessment, which should be performed by the nursing staff who have the necessary training and expertise to address the complexities of anorexia nervosa.

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