Nokea
A patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip. Laboratory tests reveal oocysts in the stool sample. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?
- A. Giardia lamblia
- B. Entamoeba histolytica
- C. Cryptosporidium parvum
- D. Cyclospora cayetanensis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite often found in contaminated water sources. This parasite is known to cause watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea in infected individuals. The presence of oocysts in the stool sample is characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection. Other parasitic infections may present with similar symptoms, but in this case, the most likely culprit based on the exposure history and laboratory findings is Cryptosporidium parvum.
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A postpartum client presents with signs of urinary retention, including suprapubic discomfort and inability to void. Which nursing intervention should be implemented first?
- A. Encouraging the client to drink plenty of fluids
- B. Assisting the client to a seated position on the toilet
- C. Performing intermittent catheterization as ordered
- D. Administering a diuretic medication as prescribed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assisting the client to a seated position on the toilet should be implemented first. This position promotes relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles and can help facilitate urinary elimination. It is a non-invasive and least intrusive intervention compared to performing intermittent catheterization or administering diuretic medication. Encouraging the client to drink plenty of fluids is important for promoting overall urinary function, but in this case, the priority is to aid the client in attempting to void first.
Nurse Maris oftentimes encounter barriers. Select a barrier to goal setting between the nurse and the family.
- A. Eeducational attainment
- B. Nature of employment
- C. Failure of family to perceive existence of problem
- D. Socio economic status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The barrier to goal setting between the nurse and the family in this scenario is the failure of the family to perceive the existence of the problem. Goal setting in healthcare generally requires mutual agreement and understanding between the healthcare provider (nurse) and the patient/family. If the family does not perceive that there is an existing problem that needs to be addressed, there will likely be resistance or lack of motivation to set goals and work towards resolving the issue. This barrier can hinder effective communication, collaboration, and ultimately, the successful achievement of healthcare goals. It is important for the nurse to address this barrier through education, communication, and building trust to ensure that all parties are on the same page and actively participate in goal setting and care planning.
Weight loss and Malnutrition are commonly observed among patients with COPD. They should be taught to avoid ______.
- A. have full stomach even when in dyspneic condition
- B. keeping body mass between 21-25 kg./m
- C. a high caloric and high protein diet
- D. exercise one hour before and after eating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with COPD often experience dyspnea, which makes it difficult for them to breathe. When they have a full stomach, their diaphragm is compressed, which can further increase difficulty in breathing. Teaching patients with COPD to avoid having a full stomach even when in dyspneic condition is important to prevent exacerbation of breathing problems. It is advisable for them to have small, frequent meals to ensure adequate nutrition without compromising their ability to breathe comfortably.
Identify the MOST appropriate diagnostic examination that confirms the iincidence of hypertension amongg residents.
- A. Chest xray
- B. Ultrasound
- C. Electrocardiogram
- D. BP monitoring
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate diagnostic examination to confirm the incidence of hypertension among residents is blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Hypertension is defined by elevated blood pressure readings consistently measured over time. Monitoring of blood pressure is essential for diagnosing hypertension and determining the severity of the condition. Chest x-ray, ultrasound, and electrocardiogram are not specific tests for diagnosing hypertension. While these tests may be useful in assessing potential complications or causes of hypertension, they do not directly confirm the presence of high blood pressure. Regular BP monitoring with the use of a sphygmomanometer or automated blood pressure device is crucial in diagnosing and managing hypertension.
When handling vaccines, the FIRST step Nurse Gabriela should do is to ________.
- A. Select the correct needle size.
- B. Check the content prior to drawing up.
- C. Reconstitute using diluent supplied.
- D. Check the vial for expiration date..
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first step Nurse Gabriela should do when handling vaccines is to check the vial for the expiration date. It is crucial to ensure that the vaccine has not expired before proceeding with any further steps. Administering an expired vaccine can be ineffective or even harmful to the patient. Therefore, checking the expiration date is the foundational step in the safe and proper administration of vaccines.