Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing

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A patient states, "My cancer is in remission finally after all that chemotherapy, my friend used the same chemotherapy and wasn't so lucky. I want to continue participating in spiritual care and 'mind games' to keep my memory intact. I am also enrolled in Tai chi, but I just can't stop thinking about my sick lung." This patient adheres to which principle underlying alternative healing?

  • A. A negative alteration in the body produces a parallel effect on the mind and spirit.
  • B. The body can heal itself with the help of complementary alternative therapies.
  • C. Approaches to therapy are individualized.
  • D. There is a focus on the total lifestyle.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. The patient believes in the power of complementary alternative therapies to help the body heal itself.
2. This aligns with the principle underlying alternative healing, which emphasizes the body's innate ability to heal.
3. By engaging in spiritual care, mind games, Tai chi, and focusing on memory and lung health, the patient is supporting the body's natural healing processes.
4. This choice is correct as it reflects the patient's belief in utilizing alternative therapies to support the body's healing mechanisms.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A. This choice suggests a negative alteration affecting the mind and spirit, which is not directly related to the patient's belief in complementary alternative therapies for healing.
C. While individualized approaches to therapy are important in alternative healing, this choice does not directly address the patient's belief in the body's ability to heal itself.
D. While focusing on total lifestyle is important in alternative healing, this choice does not directly

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A nurse is interested in studying the rituals of a tribe living in remote areas of AfricThe researcher is accepted into the tribe and observes firsthand the rituals practiced. Themes were analyzed to arrive at a description of the culture including rituals. The nurse is practicing which type of research?

  • A. Qualitative, Ethnography
  • B. Qualitative, Phenomenology
  • C. Quantitative, Quasi-experimental
  • D. Quantitative, Secondary data analysis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Qualitative, Ethnography. Ethnography involves studying a culture through direct observation and interaction, which aligns with the nurse's approach of observing the tribe's rituals firsthand. This type of research focuses on understanding cultural practices and behaviors in their natural context, making it suitable for studying the tribe's rituals.

Choice B: Qualitative, Phenomenology focuses on exploring individuals' lived experiences and perceptions, not cultural practices like rituals. Choice C: Quantitative, Quasi-experimental involves manipulating variables in controlled settings, not ethnographic observation. Choice D: Quantitative, Secondary data analysis involves analyzing existing numerical data, not direct observation of cultural rituals.

A nurse practices a relaxing massage technique to stimulate and apply pressure to the feet or hands, increasing blood supply circulation to various parts of the body and relieving pain. The massage technique used by the practitioner is referred to as:

  • A. reflexology.
  • B. Feldenkrais method.
  • C. Reiki.
  • D. Rolfing.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: reflexology. Reflexology is a practice based on the theory that specific areas on the feet and hands correspond to different organs and systems in the body. By stimulating these areas through massage techniques, blood circulation is increased, promoting healing and pain relief.

- Choice B, Feldenkrais method, focuses on improving movement and function through awareness and gentle movements, not specifically targeting reflex points.
- Choice C, Reiki, involves the transfer of energy to promote healing, but does not involve massage techniques or specific reflex points.
- Choice D, Rolfing, is a type of bodywork that focuses on manipulating the body's connective tissues to improve posture and alignment, not specifically targeting reflex points like in reflexology.

A nursing student asks, "I wonder if the reason that the nursing shortage is so severe is that registered nurses are unhappy with their jobs." To research the answer, the National Survey of Registered Nurses was reviewed and found:

  • A. registered nurses change employers every year to prevent burnout and to keep the nursing shortage from increasing.
  • B. nursing faculty are aging or leaving academia due to increased work demands and generational difference from students.
  • C. practicing registered nurses are satisfied with their job and most remain with same employer they worked for the previous year.
  • D. registered nurses were the least satisfied with their job of all health care providers.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: The question asks about the reason for the nursing shortage and references the National Survey of Registered Nurses.
Step 2: Choice C states that practicing registered nurses are satisfied with their jobs and most remain with the same employer they worked for the previous year.
Step 3: This suggests that the nursing shortage is not due to registered nurses being unhappy with their jobs and leaving.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it directly addresses the misconception presented in the question.
Step 5: Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the information provided in the National Survey of Registered Nurses and do not address the actual reason for the nursing shortage.

A nurse is concerned about safe staffing levels at a facility and observes that several units have no RN coverage but instead have RNs who float among several units. In determining whether this staffing concern should be reported to an outside agency, the nurse understands that, with whistle-blowing:

  • A. reporting unsafe staffing levels to The Joint Commission provides protection from the employer.
  • B. keeping copies of documented inappropriate staffing patterns in the nurse's personal file is illegal.
  • C. when observing inappropriate staffing, the nurse should record her personal thoughts concerning the outcomes.
  • D. one should seek guidance from a trusted individual who can provide an objective point of view.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because reporting unsafe staffing levels to The Joint Commission is an appropriate course of action for addressing concerns about patient safety. The Joint Commission is an independent organization that accredits healthcare facilities and promotes high-quality care standards. Whistleblower protection laws safeguard employees who report violations of laws, regulations, or standards that threaten public health or safety. Reporting to The Joint Commission can lead to an investigation and potential improvement in staffing levels to ensure patient safety.

Incorrect answers:
B: Keeping copies of documented inappropriate staffing patterns in the nurse's personal file is not illegal, but it may not be the most effective way to address the issue.
C: Recording personal thoughts on outcomes is not as effective as taking action to report concerns to the appropriate regulatory body.
D: Seeking guidance is important, but in cases of unsafe staffing levels, it is crucial to report the issue to the appropriate regulatory agency for resolution.

A Mexican-American patient is attacked and beaten. This patient is at risk for "fright disease," which is known as:

  • A. susto.
  • B. empacho.
  • C. bilis.
  • D. mal ojo.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: susto. Susto is a cultural-bound syndrome in Mexican-American culture characterized by emotional distress due to a frightening or traumatic experience. This patient, having been attacked and beaten, is at risk for susto due to the emotional impact of the incident. Empacho refers to indigestion, bilis to anger, and mal ojo to the evil eye, none of which are directly related to the emotional distress caused by a traumatic event like in the case of susto.

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