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A patient tells the nurse that he is allergic to penicillin. Which of the following would be the nurse's best response to this information?
- A. "Are you allergic to any other drugs?"
- B. "How often have you received penicillin?"
- C. "I'll record your allergy information on your chart, so you won't receive any."
- D. "Please describe what happens to you when you take penicillin."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Please describe what happens to you when you take penicillin." This response allows the nurse to gather detailed information about the patient's allergic reaction to penicillin, which is crucial for assessing the severity of the allergy and determining appropriate treatment options. By understanding the specific symptoms experienced by the patient, the nurse can help prevent potential adverse reactions in the future.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because:
A: This question does not address the immediate concern of the patient's penicillin allergy and does not help in understanding the nature of the allergic reaction.
B: The frequency of penicillin usage is not as relevant as understanding the nature and severity of the allergic reaction.
C: While recording allergy information is important, it does not address the need for understanding the patient's specific allergic response to penicillin.
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Which of the following statements about mental health assessment is true?
- A. The mental health assessment diagnoses specific psychiatric disorders.
- B. Mental disorders occur in response to everyday life stressors.
- C. Mental status is inferred through assessment of an individual's behaviours.
- D. Mental health can be assessed directly, just like the characteristics of any other body system (e.g., cardiac and breath sounds).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because mental status is indeed inferred through assessment of an individual's behaviors. Mental health assessment involves observing and evaluating a person's thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and overall mental functioning to determine their mental status. This includes assessing speech, mood, cognition, and perception. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because:
A: Mental health assessment does not solely focus on diagnosing specific psychiatric disorders; it is a broader evaluation of an individual's mental well-being.
B: Mental disorders can result from a variety of factors beyond everyday life stressors, such as genetic predisposition or traumatic experiences.
D: Mental health assessment is more complex than assessing physical characteristics and involves subjective interpretation of behaviors rather than direct observation like physical assessments.
A nurse is assessing a patient with chronic kidney disease. The nurse should prioritize which of the following lab values?
- A. Serum creatinine levels.
- B. Hemoglobin levels.
- C. White blood cell count.
- D. Platelet count.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum creatinine levels. In patients with chronic kidney disease, monitoring serum creatinine levels is crucial because it reflects kidney function. An increase in creatinine levels indicates worsening kidney function. Hemoglobin levels (B) are important in assessing anemia, common in CKD, but not the priority. White blood cell count (C) and platelet count (D) may indicate infection or bleeding, respectively, but are not specific to kidney function in this context.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about managing triggers. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I should avoid exposure to allergens and pollutants.
- B. I should avoid exercising outdoors in cold air.
- C. I should smoke to relieve stress and manage symptoms.
- D. I should use my inhaler before exercise if recommended by my doctor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I should smoke to relieve stress and manage symptoms." This statement indicates a need for further education because smoking can worsen asthma symptoms. Here's the rationale:
1. Smoking is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations due to irritants in tobacco smoke.
2. Smoking can lead to airway inflammation and constriction, making asthma symptoms more severe.
3. Asthma management involves avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke exposure.
4. Choices A, B, and D are correct as they align with asthma management guidelines to avoid triggers and use inhalers as prescribed.
A nurse is providing education to a patient with hypertension. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will limit my sodium intake.
- B. I will monitor my blood pressure regularly.
- C. I can stop taking my medication once my blood pressure is normal.
- D. I will exercise regularly to improve my health.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement indicates a misunderstanding because stopping medication once blood pressure is normal can lead to a relapse of hypertension. Step 1: Medication management is crucial for long-term control of hypertension. Step 2: Stopping medication abruptly can cause blood pressure to rise again. Step 3: Regular monitoring, limiting sodium intake, and exercising are all important aspects of hypertension management. Summary: Choices A, B, and D demonstrate good understanding of hypertension management, while choice C shows a need for further education on the importance of continued medication use.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient who had a stroke. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will take my medications as prescribed.
- B. I will follow up with my doctor regularly.
- C. I can resume driving after a few weeks of rest.
- D. I will report any sudden changes in my vision or speech.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. After a stroke, patients need to be evaluated by a healthcare professional before resuming driving. This is crucial to ensure the safety of the patient and others on the road. Choice A shows medication compliance, B demonstrates follow-up care, and D emphasizes monitoring symptoms, all of which are essential post-stroke. However, choice C indicates a lack of understanding about the importance of medical clearance before driving, hence the need for further education.