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A patient undergoing infertility treatment asks about the importance of stress management. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Stress has no impact on fertility treatment outcomes.
- B. Stress can negatively affect hormone levels and ovulation.
- C. Managing stress is only important after conception occurs.
- D. Stress is a common cause of infertility in both partners.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because stress can indeed negatively affect hormone levels and ovulation, thereby impacting fertility treatment outcomes. High levels of stress can disrupt the delicate balance of hormones involved in the reproductive process, leading to irregular ovulation and potentially hindering conception. It is essential for patients undergoing infertility treatment to manage stress effectively to optimize their chances of success.
Choice A is incorrect because research suggests that stress can impact fertility treatment outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as stress management is important throughout the fertility treatment process, not just after conception. Choice D is incorrect because while stress can contribute to infertility, it is not always the primary cause and can affect fertility differently in each partner.
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A patient asks for advice regarding whether to have children in the future after hearing she is a carrier for an autosomal-recessive disorder. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Encourage the patient to avoid having children as the risk of having a child with a disorder is 50%.
- B. Explain that if the patient proceeds with a pregnancy, her risk of having a child with a disorder is 25% because she is only a carrier.
- C. Encourage the patient to pursue pregnancy, informing her that she can always terminate a pregnancy if the fetus is found to be affected.
- D. Ask the patient to describe her feelings about potentially having an affected infant.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates empathy, promotes open communication, and supports patient autonomy. By asking the patient to describe her feelings, the nurse can understand her emotional state, values, and beliefs, which are crucial in decision-making. This approach encourages shared decision-making and allows the nurse to provide individualized support.
Choice A is incorrect because it is overly deterministic and does not consider individual circumstances. Choice B is incorrect as it simplifies the genetic risk calculation and overlooks the emotional aspect of decision-making. Choice C is incorrect as it may not respect the patient's autonomy and fails to address the emotional and ethical complexities involved in such a decision.
During IVF, a patient asks about the role of estrogen in preparing for embryo transfer. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Estrogen helps regulate ovarian stimulation protocols.
- B. Estrogen thickens the uterine lining, creating a supportive environment for implantation.
- C. Estrogen prevents premature ovulation during stimulation cycles.
- D. Estrogen eliminates the need for progesterone support post-transfer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because estrogen plays a crucial role in thickening the uterine lining, creating a supportive environment for embryo implantation during IVF. This is essential for successful pregnancy. Estrogen does not directly regulate ovarian stimulation protocols (choice A), prevent premature ovulation (choice C), or eliminate the need for progesterone support post-transfer (choice D). Estrogen primarily focuses on preparing the uterus for implantation rather than affecting other aspects of the IVF process.
A couple undergoing IVF asks about the role of progesterone injections post-transfer. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy.
- B. Progesterone improves egg quality during IVF cycles.
- C. Progesterone prevents the formation of ovarian cysts.
- D. Progesterone reduces the chances of multiple pregnancies.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy post-transfer. Progesterone is crucial in preparing the uterine lining for embryo implantation and supporting early pregnancy. It helps thicken the endometrium, creating a hospitable environment for the embryo to implant and grow. Choice B is incorrect as progesterone does not directly improve egg quality. Choice C is incorrect as progesterone does not prevent ovarian cyst formation. Choice D is incorrect as progesterone does not reduce the chances of multiple pregnancies; in fact, it may slightly increase the risk of multiples in IVF.
A woman has been advised that the reason she has had a number of spontaneous abortions is because she has an inheritable mutation. Which of the following situations is consistent with this statement?
- A. A client developed skin cancer after being exposed to the sun.
- B. A client developed colon cancer from an inherited dominant gene.
- C. A reciprocal translocation was reported on a client's genetic analysis.
- D. A client's left arm failed to develop when she was a fetus.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reciprocal translocations can disrupt genes and lead to recurrent miscarriages.
A nurse is offering preconception counseling in a primary care clinic. Which statement by a patient indicates a need for correction?
- A. Pregnancy rates are not related to the age of the male partner.
- B. Sexually active males should be routinely tested for STIs and treated appropriately.
- C. Maintaining a healthy weight is important for the reproductive health of both female and male partners.
- D. Certain medications, such as testosterone supplementation and chemotherapy, can impact male fertility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Pregnancy rates are indeed related to the age of the male partner because sperm quality and quantity decline with age. This is crucial information in preconception counseling. Choice B is correct as STI testing for sexually active males is important for reproductive health. Choice C is correct as maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for both partners' fertility. Choice D is correct as certain medications can impact male fertility. In summary, the incorrect choice (A) contradicts established knowledge about male age and fertility, making it the correct answer.