Adult Health Nursing First Chapter Quizlet

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A patient undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU develops ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's infection?

  • A. Administer vancomycin or linezolid for MRSA coverage.
  • B. Perform bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnostic purposes.
  • C. Implement contact precautions to prevent transmission.
  • D. Recommend prophylactic antifungal therapy to prevent candidiasis.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most important intervention for managing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a patient undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU is to start appropriate antimicrobial therapy targeting MRSA. Vancomycin or linezolid are commonly used antibiotics for MRSA infections. These medications are effective against MRSA and can help in treating the infection and preventing further complications. It is crucial to initiate antimicrobial therapy promptly once the diagnosis of VAP caused by MRSA is suspected or confirmed to improve patient outcomes. Other interventions such as bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnostic purposes, contact precautions, or antifungal therapy may be relevant but the priority is to start effective antibiotic therapy to target the specific pathogen causing the infection.

You may also like to solve these questions

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of opsonization during the immune response?

  • A. Opsonins facilitate the lysis of target cells by forming membrane attack complexes.
  • B. Opsonins promote the phagocytosis of pathogens by coating them with proteins.
  • C. Opsonins neutralize toxins produced by pathogens.
  • D. Opsonins stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Opsonization is a process in the immune response where opsonins, which are proteins such as antibodies and complement proteins, bind to pathogens such as bacteria, making them more easily recognized and engulfed by phagocytic cells like macrophages and neutrophils. This coating of pathogens by opsonins enhances the efficiency of phagocytosis, helping in the elimination of pathogens from the body. Opsonins do not facilitate cell lysis, neutralize toxins, or stimulate histamine release; their main function is to tag pathogens for phagocytosis.

A patient presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. Slit-lamp examination reveals branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Herpes simplex keratitis
  • B. Bacterial keratitis
  • C. Fungal keratitis
  • D. Acanthamoeba keratitis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The described presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is characteristic of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis typically presents with these specific features on clinical examination.

After washing her hands and gently cleaning any discharge that can be removed easily from the outer ear, Nurse Selma positions the child. Which of the following steps follows?

  • A. Gently press the tragus of the ear four times in a pumping motion.
  • B. Gently pull the outer ear
  • C. Drop the medicine into the ear canal.
  • D. Keep the ear up for five minutes.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct next step after positioning the child is to drop the medicine into the ear canal. This is typically the next step in administering ear drops for a child. The cleaning and positioning steps are to prepare the ear for receiving the medication. Dropping the medicine into the ear canal ensures that the medication can reach the affected area effectively. Once the medicine is dropped into the ear canal, it is important to follow any additional instructions provided by the healthcare provider regarding keeping the ear in a certain position or any other post-administration care steps.

Which of the following clinical manifestations will NOT be a complaint from Sarah's condition?

  • A. Edema of the extremities
  • B. Poor wound healing
  • C. Decrease libido
  • D. Absence of growth in the pubic area
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sarah's condition seems to be related to growth and wound healing issues, based on the provided clinical manifestations. Decrease libido is typically unrelated to conditions like edema, poor wound healing, and absence of growth in the pubic area. Therefore, it would not be a complaint stemming from Sarah's condition.

The patient is shouting and cursing the nurse, the nurse slaps the patient. The nurse would be guilty of:

  • A. Abuse
  • B. Assault
  • C. Battery
  • D. Physical abuse
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Battery is the intentional touching or use of force on another individual without their consent. In this scenario, the nurse's action of slapping the patient constitutes battery as it involves a deliberate physical contact without the patient's permission. This is different from assault, which involves the threat of harm, and abuse, which encompasses various forms of mistreatment. Ultimately, the nurse in this situation would be guilty of committing a battery by unlawfully striking the patient.

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