Pediatric HESI Test Bank

Pediatric HESI Test Bank Related

Review Pediatric HESI Test Bank related questions and content

A patient was diagnosed with hiatal hernia. She frequently has regurgitation and a sour taste on his mouth especially after eating large meals. Which action by the client shows understanding of her treatment regimen?

  • A. elevate her legs when she is sleeping
  • B. drink more fluids with her meals
  • C. increase the roughage in her diet
  • D. avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hiatal hernia is a condition where a part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm muscle. Symptoms often include regurgitation of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to heartburn and a sour taste in the mouth. Avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate can help reduce acid reflux and alleviate symptoms. These substances can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase stomach acid production, worsening symptoms in patients with hiatal hernia. Therefore, avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate is a key aspect of managing hiatal hernia symptoms effectively. The other options provided do not directly address the underlying cause of the symptoms experienced by the patient with hiatal hernia.

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A client with Addison's disease comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. When assessing this client, the nurse should stay alert for signs and symptoms of:

  • A. calcium and phosphorus abnormalities
  • B. sodium and chloride abnormalities
  • C. chloride and magnesium
  • D. sodium and potassium abnormalities abnormalities.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. One of the primary functions of the adrenal glands is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body. In Addison's disease, the lack of adrenal hormones can lead to electrolyte imbalances, specifically low sodium levels (hyponatremia) and high potassium levels (hyperkalemia).

Which of the ff conditions are more likely to develop in a client who is relatively immobile for the rest of his or her life? Choose all that apply

  • A. Bladder infection
  • B. Constipation
  • C. Calculus information
  • D. Bladder inflammation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The nurse is helping parents achieve a more nutritionally adequate vegetarian diet for their child. Which is most likely lacking in their particular diet?

  • A. Fat
  • B. Protein
  • C. Vitamins C and A
  • D. Complete protein
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A vegetarian diet can provide adequate amounts of protein, fat, and even complete protein if well-balanced. However, certain essential nutrients like vitamins C and A are more commonly found in higher concentrations in animal-based products. Therefore, in a vegetarian diet, particularly if not carefully planned, there may be a potential lack of these specific vitamins. It is important for the nurse to educate the parents on alternative plant-based sources of vitamins C and A to ensure their child's nutritional requirements are met.

Which of the following organisms is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children?

  • A. Klebsiella
  • B. Staphylococcus
  • C. Escherichia coli
  • D. Pseudomonas
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. UTIs in children are most commonly caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract through the urethra. E. coli is a type of bacteria that naturally resides in the intestines but can cause infections when it enters the urinary tract. Children, especially girls, are more prone to UTIs due to shorter urethras that make it easier for bacteria to travel up to the bladder. Therefore, E. coli is the most likely culprit in causing UTIs in children.

An elderly client develops severe bone marrow depression from chemotheraphy for cancer of the prostate. The nurse should;

  • A. Monitor Intake and output of fluids
  • B. Increase dally intake of fluids
  • C. Use a soft toothbrush for oral hygiene HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring intake and output of fluids is essential for an elderly client who develops severe bone marrow depression from chemotherapy for prostate cancer. Bone marrow depression can result in decreased production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Monitoring intake and output of fluids helps assess hydration status and kidney function. Decreased fluid intake or output may indicate kidney damage or dehydration, which are common concerns in clients with bone marrow depression. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to monitor the client's fluid balance closely to ensure optimal functioning of the kidneys and prevent complications related to bone marrow suppression.

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