Nokea
A patient was tested for HIV using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and results were positive. The nurse should expect the primary care provider to order what test to confirm the EIA test results?
- A. Another EIA test
- B. Viral load test
- C. Western blot test
- D. CD4/CD8 ratio
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Western blot test detects antibodies to HIV and is used to confirm the EIA test results. The viral load test measures HIV RNA in the plasma and is not used to confirm EIA test results, but instead to track the progression of the disease process. The CD4/CD8 ratio test evaluates the ratio of CD4 and CD8 cells but is not used to confirm results of EIA testing.
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A patient who has AIDS is being treated for Kaposis sarcoma. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse associate with this complication of AIDS?
- A. Risk for Disuse Syndrome Related to Kaposis Sarcoma
- B. Impaired Skin Integrity Related to Kaposis Sarcoma
- C. Diarrhea Related to Kaposis Sarcoma
- D. Impaired Swallowing Related to Kaposis Sarcoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a disease that involves the endothelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels. This malignancy does not directly affect swallowing or bowel motility and it does not constitute a risk for disuse syndrome.
Since the emergence of HIV/AIDS, there have been significant changes in epidemiologic trends. Members of what group currently have the greatest risk of contracting HIV?
- A. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
- B. Recreational drug users
- C. Blood transfusion recipients
- D. Health care providers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men remain the population most affected by HIV and account for 2% of the population but 61% of the new infections. This exceeds the incidence among drug users, health care workers, and transfusion recipients.
A patients current antiretroviral regimen includes nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). What dietary counseling will the nurse provide based on the patients medication regimen?
- A. Avoid high-fat meals while taking this medication.
- B. Limit fluid intake to 2 liters a day.
- C. Limit sodium intake to 2 grams per day.
- D. Take this medication without regard to meals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Many NRTIs exist, but all of them may be safely taken without regard to meals. Protein, fluid, and sodium restrictions play no role in relation to these drugs.
A public health nurse is preparing an educational campaign to address a recent local increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Lifestyle actions that improve immune function
- B. Educational programs that focus on control and prevention
- C. Appropriate use of standard precautions
- D. Screening programs for youth and young adults
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Until an effective vaccine is developed, preventing HIV by eliminating and reducing risk behaviors is essential. Educational interventions are the primary means by which behaviors can be influenced. Screening is appropriate, but education is paramount. Enhancing immune function does not prevent HIV infection. Ineffective use of standard precautions apply to very few cases of HIV infection.
A patient who has AIDS is being treated in the hospital and admits to having periods of extreme anxiety. What would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Teach the patient guided imagery.
- B. Give the patient more control of her antiretroviral regimen.
- C. Increase the patients activity level.
- D. Collaborate with the patients physician to obtain an order for hydromorphone.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Measures such as relaxation and guided imagery may be beneficial because they decrease anxiety, which contributes to weakness and fatigue. Increased activity may be of benefit, but for other patients this may exacerbate feelings of anxiety or loss. Granting the patient control has the potential to reduce anxiety, but the patient is not normally given unilateral control of the ART regimen. Hydromorphone is not used to treat anxiety.