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A patient who experiences motion sickness when flying asks the nurse the best time to take the medication prescribed to prevent motion sickness for a flight. The nurse will instruct the patient to take the medication at what time?
- A. As needed at the first sign of nausea.
- B. When seated just prior to takeoff.
- C. At 0830 just prior to boarding the flight.
- D. At 0700 before leaving for the airport.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: At 0700 before leaving for the airport. Taking the medication at 0700 allows for sufficient time for the medication to be absorbed and reach peak effectiveness before the flight. This timing ensures that the patient is protected from motion sickness throughout the entire duration of the flight. Choice A is not ideal as waiting until the first sign of nausea may lead to inadequate prevention. Choices B and C do not provide ample time for the medication to take effect before flight.
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Identify a reason a narcotic agent may be prescribed.
- A. Relief of moderate acute pain.
- B. Relief of minor pain.
- C. Analgesia during sleep.
- D. Analgesia during anesthesia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relief of moderate acute pain. Narcotic agents are potent pain relievers typically prescribed for moderate to severe acute pain due to their strong analgesic properties. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, blocking pain signals. Choice B is incorrect as narcotics are usually reserved for more intense pain. Choices C and D are incorrect because narcotics are not typically used for analgesia during sleep or anesthesia, as they can cause respiratory depression and other complications.
The nurse is providing patient teaching about prescribed opioid analgesic. What is an important point related to a possible adverse effect of this drug?
- A. Ataxia.
- B. Dysrhythmias.
- C. Blurred vision.
- D. Hypotension.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypotension. Opioid analgesics can cause hypotension by decreasing blood pressure. This is important for the nurse to teach the patient to avoid sudden changes in position to prevent falls. Ataxia (A) is more commonly associated with sedative medications. Dysrhythmias (B) are not a common adverse effect of opioid analgesics. Blurred vision (C) is more commonly seen with anticholinergic medications.
A patient asked the nurse what cardiac glycosides do to improve his condition. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. They increase heart rate.
- B. They decrease the force of myocardial contractions.
- C. They decrease conduction velocity.
- D. They help renal blood flow and increase urine output.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, help improve heart failure by increasing renal blood flow and urine output. This occurs by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump, leading to increased intracellular calcium levels, which in turn enhances cardiac contractility and renal perfusion. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cardiac glycosides do not increase heart rate, decrease the force of myocardial contractions, or decrease conduction velocity. These medications actually have a positive inotropic effect, increasing the force of myocardial contractions.
The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse will be alert to symptoms affecting which body system in the patient?
- A. Gastrointestinal (GI) and lower extremity muscles.
- B. Central nervous system (CNS), memory, and cognition.
- C. Respiratory and facial muscles.
- D. Cardiovascular system and postural muscles.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory and facial muscles. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. Symptoms commonly affect muscles involved in breathing (respiratory) and facial expressions, such as difficulty swallowing, breathing, speaking, and facial drooping. Monitoring these systems is crucial as respiratory muscle weakness can lead to respiratory failure. Choice A is incorrect because myasthenia gravis does not typically affect gastrointestinal or lower extremity muscles primarily. Choice B is incorrect as the primary symptoms of myasthenia gravis do not involve the central nervous system but rather the neuromuscular junction. Choice D is incorrect as myasthenia gravis does not directly impact the cardiovascular system or postural muscles.
A nurse is caring for a six-year-old child who had surgery that morning. The child is awake and lying very still in bed. What should the nurse do?
- A. Use an “ouch†scale for pain assessment.
- B. Encourage the child to request pain medication when needed.
- C. Plan to administer pain medication if the child begins to cry.
- D. Ask the child to rate their pain on a scale of 1 to 10.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use an "ouch" scale for pain assessment. This approach is appropriate for a six-year-old child as it uses a simple and understandable method to assess pain levels. The child may not verbalize pain or cry, so using a visual scale like an "ouch" scale can help the nurse accurately assess the child's pain level. Encouraging the child to request pain medication (B) assumes the child will always feel comfortable expressing their needs, which may not be the case. Planning to administer pain medication if the child cries (C) may lead to unnecessary medication administration if the child is not in pain. Asking the child to rate their pain on a scale of 1 to 10 (D) may be too complex for a young child to understand and communicate effectively.