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A patient who has a history of coronary artery disease has been instructed to take one 81-mg aspirin tablet a day. The patient asks about the purpose of this aspirin. Which response by the nurse is correct?
- A. Aspirin is given to reduce anxiety.
- B. It helps to reduce inflammation.
- C. Aspirin is given to relieve pain.
- D. It will help to prevent clot formation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aspirin can reduce platelet aggregation; low doses of aspirin (81 to 325 mg once daily) are used for thromboprevention. Higher doses are required for pain relief, reduction of inflammation, and reduction of fever.
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A mother brings her toddler into the emergency department and tells the nurse that she thinks the toddler has eaten an entire bottle of chewable aspirin tablets. The nurse will assess for which most common signs of salicylate intoxication in children?
- A. Photosensitivity and nervousness
- B. Tinnitus and hearing loss
- C. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding
- D. Hyperventilation and drowsiness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common manifestations of chronic salicylate intoxication in children are hyperventilation and CNS effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and behavioral changes.
A patient has used enteric aspirin for several years as treatment for osteoarthritis. However, the symptoms are now worse and she is given a prescription for a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and misoprostol, also called Cytotec. The patient asks the nurse, 'Why am I now taking two pills for arthritis?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Cytotec will also reduce the symptoms of your arthritis.
- B. Cytotec helps the action of the NSAID so that it will work better.
- C. Cytotec reduces the mucous secretions in the stomach, which reduces gastric irritation.
- D. Cytotec may help to prevent gastric ulcers that may occur in patients taking NSAIDs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cytotec inhibits gastric acid secretions and stimulates mucous secretions; it has proved successful in preventing the gastric ulcers that may occur in patients taking NSAIDs.
A 55-year-old woman has been given a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse is reviewing the patient's medication history and notes that which types of medications could have an interaction with the NSAID? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Antibiotics
- B. Decongestants
- C. Anticoagulants
- D. Beta blockers
- E. Diuretics
- F. Corticosteroids
Correct Answer: C,E,F
Rationale: Anticoagulants taken with NSAIDs may cause increased bleeding tendencies because of platelet inhibition and hypoprothrombinemia. NSAIDs taken with diuretics may cause reduced hypotensive and diuretic effects. NSAIDs taken with corticosteroids may cause increased ulcerogenic effects.
The nurse notes in a patient's medication history that the patient is taking allopurinol. Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Gout
- C. Osteoarthritis
- D. Systemic lupus erythematosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allopurinol is indicated for the treatment of gout but is not indicated for the other disorders listed.
The nurse is reviewing the therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which include which effect?
- A. Anxiolytic
- B. Sedative
- C. Antipyretic
- D. Antimicrobial
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NSAIDs have antipyretic effects but not the other effects listed.