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A patient who has had a lumpectomy calls the clinic to talk to the nurse. The patient tells the nurse that she has developed a tender area on her breast that is red and warm and looks like someone drew a line with a red marker. What would the nurse suspect is the womans problem?
- A. Mondor disease
- B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the breast
- C. Recurrent malignancy
- D. An area of fat necrosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mondor disease, a superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast, presents as a tender, red, linear area, often post-surgery like lumpectomy. DVT of the breast is not a recognized condition, recurrent malignancy is unlikely to present this way, and fat necrosis typically involves a firm, nontender mass.
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A 60-year-old man presents at the patient complaining that his breasts are tender and enlarging. Patients are subsequently diagnosed with gynecomastia. The patient should be assessed for what causative factor?
- A. Age-related symptoms
- B. Medication adverse effects
- C. Poor nutrition
- D. Fluid overload
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gynecomastia in older men is often caused by medications, such as diuretics or antipsychotics, which can disrupt hormonal balance. It is not an age-related change, nor is it linked to nutrition or fluid overload.
For which of the following population groups would an annual clinical breast examination be recommended?
- A. Women over age 21
- B. Women over age 25
- C. Women over age 40
- D. All post-pubescent females with a family history of breast cancer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Annual clinical breast examinations are recommended for women aged 40 and older as part of routine breast cancer screening. Younger women may require less frequent exams unless at high risk, such as those with a family history.
A patient has been referred to the breast clinic after her most recent mammogram revealed the presence of a lump. The lump is found to be a small, well-defined nodule in the right breast. The oncology nurse should recognize the likelihood of what treatment?
- A. Lumpectomy and radiation
- B. Partial mastectomy and radiation
- C. Partial mastectomy and chemotherapy
- D. Total mastectomy and chemotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A small, well-defined nodule suggests early-stage breast cancer, for which lumpectomy followed by radiation is a common treatment to preserve the breast while effectively treating the cancer. Mastectomy or chemotherapy may be considered for more advanced or aggressive disease, which is not indicated here.
The nurse is performing a comprehensive health history of a patient who is in her 50s. The nurse should identify what risk factor that may increase this patients risk for breast cancer?
- A. The patient breastfed each of her children.
- B. The patient gave birth to her first child at age 38.
- C. The patient experienced perimenopausal symptoms starting at age 46.
- D. The patient experienced menarche at age 13.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Late age at first pregnancy (after 30) is a known risk factor for breast cancer due to prolonged estrogen exposure without the protective effect of pregnancy. Breastfeeding, early perimenopause, and menarche at age 13 are not significant risk factors.
A new mother who is breastfeeding calls the clinic to speak to a nurse. The patient is complaining of pain in her left breast and describes her breast as feeling doughy. The nurse tells her to come into the clinic and be checked. The patient is diagnosed with acute mastitis and placed on antibiotics. What comfort measure should the nurse recommend?
- A. Apply cold compresses as ordered.
- B. Avoid wearing a bra until the infection clears.
- C. Avoid washing the breasts.
- D. Perform gentle massage to stimulate neutrophil migration.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cold compresses help relieve discomfort in acute mastitis by reducing inflammation. A snug bra supports the breast, hygiene is essential, and massage is not recommended as it may worsen the condition.