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A patient is to undergo an ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The patient tells the nurse that a patient of hers had a stereotactic core needle biopsy. She wants to understand the difference between the procedures. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy is faster, less expensive, and does not use radiation.
- B. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy is a little more expensive, but it doesnt use radiation and it is faster.
- C. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy is a little more expensive, and it also uses radiation but it is faster.
- D. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy takes more time, and it also uses radiation, but it is less expensive.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ultrasound-guided core biopsy is faster, less expensive, and radiation-free compared to stereotactic biopsy, which uses X-rays for guidance, making it a preferred option when ultrasound is suitable.
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The nurse is caring for a 52-year-old woman whose aunt and mother died of breast cancer. The patient states, My doctor and I talked about Tamoxifen to help prevent breast cancer. Do you think it will work? What would be the nurses best response?
- A. Yes, its known to have a slight protective effect.
- B. Yes, but studies also show an increased risk of osteoporosis.
- C. You wont need to worry about getting cancer as long as you take Tamoxifen.
- D. Tamoxifen is known to be a highly effective protective measure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator proven to significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk women, making it a highly effective chemopreventive agent. It does not eliminate risk entirely, and it also helps prevent osteoporosis, not increase it. A slight protective effect understates its efficacy.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a radical mastectomy and axillary node dissection. When providing patient education regarding rehabilitation, what should the nurse recommend?
- A. Avoid exercise of the arm for next 2 months.
- B. Keep cuticles clipped neatly.
- C. Avoid lifting objects heavier than 10 pounds.
- D. Use a sling until healing is complete.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-axillary dissection, patients should avoid lifting objects heavier than 5 to 10 pounds to prevent lymphedema or injury. Arm exercises are encouraged, cuticles should not be cut to avoid infection, and slings are unnecessary.
A nurse is teaching a group of women about the potential benefits of breast self-examination (BSE). The nurse should teach the patients that effective BSE is dependent on what factor?
- A. Womens knowledge of how their breasts normally look and feel
- B. The rapport that exists between the woman and her primary care provider
- C. Synchronizing womens routines around BSE with the performance of mammograms
- D. Womens knowledge of the pathophysiology of breast cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Effective BSE relies on the patient's familiarity with her breasts' normal appearance and feel, enabling detection of changes. Rapport with providers, mammogram synchronization, or pathophysiology knowledge are not essential for BSE efficacy.
A woman calls the clinic and tells the nurse she has had bloody drainage from her right nipple. The nurse makes an appointment for this patient, expecting the physician or practitioner to order what diagnostic test on this patient?
- A. Breast ultrasound
- B. Radiography
- C. Positron emission testing (PET)
- D. Galactography
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Galactography, involving contrast injection into the ductal system followed by mammography, is used to evaluate bloody nipple discharge for ductal abnormalities. Ultrasound, radiography, and PET are not specific for this indication.
A 23-year-old woman comes to the free clinic stating I think I have a lump in my breast. Do I have cancer? The nurse instructs the patient that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by what?
- A. Supervised breast self-examination
- B. Mammography
- C. Fine-needle aspiration
- D. Chest x-ray
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fine-needle aspiration or biopsy provides histologic confirmation of breast cancer, making it the definitive diagnostic method. Breast self-examination and mammography are screening tools, not diagnostic, and chest x-rays are used for metastasis evaluation, not primary diagnosis.