Nokea
A patient who has oral candidiasis will begin using nystatin suspension to treat the infection. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient?
- A. Coat the buccal mucosa with the drug and then rinse your mouth
- B. Gargle with the nystatin and then spit it out without swallowing
- C. Mix the suspension with 4 ounces of water and then drink it
- D. Swish the liquid in your mouth and then swallow after a few minutes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nystatin should coat the mouth and be swallowed for oral candidiasis; spitting or rinsing reduces efficacy. Patients should be taught to swish the suspension in the mouth to coat the tongue and buccal mucosa and then swallow the medication.
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Beta blockers are the drugs of choice for exertional angina because they:
- A. Improve myocardial oxygen supply by vasodilating the coronary arteries
- B. Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate and vascular resistance
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers reduce oxygen demand by lowering heart rate and resistance, not by vasodilation.
Hepatitis B vaccine is contraindicated in patients who:
- A. Were born after less than 32 weeks gestation (give first dose at age 6 months)
- B. Are pregnant
- C. Are on hemodialysis
- D. Are allergic to yeast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccine is contraindicated in yeast allergy (it's yeast-derived); prematurity , pregnancy , or dialysis are not.
Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse would monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication were being applied to which of the following body areas?
- A. Back
- B. Axilla
- C. Soles of the feet
- D. Palms of the hands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
Angina pectoris, tachycardia, and arrhythmias are possible adverse effects of which of the following drugs?
- A. Clonidine
- B. Phenylephrine
- C. Propranolol
- D. Salbutamol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salbutamol, a beta-2 agonist, can cause cardiac stimulation as a side effect.