Nokea
A patient who is 28 weeks pregnant presents with consistent hypertension. What need would the home health nurse make the first priority?
- A. Activity restriction
- B. Balanced nutrition
- C. Increased fluid intake to ensure adequate hydration
- D. Instruction about the effect of diuretics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bed rest reduces the flow of blood to skeletal muscles, making more blood available to the placenta and enhancing fetal oxygenation.
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The nurse is caring for a prenatal patient diagnosed with a placenta previa. What is the best position for this patient?
- A. Flat on her back with knees flexed to help prevent hemorrhage
- B. On her side to prevent supine hypotension
- C. In the semi-Fowler's position to prevent supine hypotension
- D. In the knee-chest position to reduce pressure on the placenta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The prenatal patient with placenta previa is best placed on her side with a pillow for support. This position not only reduces stress on the placenta but also reduces the possibility of supine hypotension.
The nurse educates prenatal patients about the threat of TORCH infections. Which infections are included in this classification? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Toxoplasmosis
- B. Toxemia
- C. Cytomegalovirus
- D. Rubella
- E. Herpes simplex
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: The TORCH infections are toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex.
Why does the woman taking oral hypoglycemic agents to control diabetes mellitus need to take insulin during pregnancy?
- A. Insulin can cross the placental barrier to the fetus.
- B. Insulin does not cross the placental barrier to the fetus.
- C. Oral agents do not cross the placenta.
- D. Oral agents are not sufficient to meet maternal insulin needs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral hypoglycemic agents are not used during pregnancy, because they can cross the placenta, possibly resulting in fetal birth defects or hypoglycemia.
A nurse is providing prenatal education. The nurse will explain that pregnancy affects glucose metabolism in what way?
- A. Placental hormones increase the resistance of cells to insulin.
- B. Insulin cells cannot meet the body's demands as the woman's weight increases.
- C. There is a decreased production of insulin during pregnancy.
- D. The speed of insulin breakdown is decreased during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones and enzymes produced by the placenta increase the resistance of cells to insulin.
The nurse is preparing a pregnant patient for an abdominal ultrasound at 8 weeks' gestation. What intervention will the nurse implement before this diagnostic test?
- A. Instruct the patient to take nothing by mouth after midnight the night before the test.
- B. Initiate an IV.
- C. Encourage the patient to drink 1 to 2 quarts of water before the test.
- D. Instruct the patient to remove all jewelry.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize structures within the body; the examination may use a transvaginal probe or an abdominal transducer; abdominal ultrasound during early pregnancy requires a full bladder for proper visualization (have the woman drink 1 to 2 quarts of water before the examination).