Nokea
A patient who is being tested for HIV asks what tests are used. The nurse would correct in stating that the tests used to confirm HIV infection are which of the following?
- A. CD 4+ cell count and thymus function.
- B. ELISA and Western Blot
- C. B-cell and T-cell count.
- D. CD 4+, viral load, and ELISA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and Western Blot are the two main tests used to confirm HIV infection. ELISA is typically the first test performed to detect HIV antibodies in the blood. If the ELISA test is positive, the Western Blot test is then used to confirm the presence of HIV antibodies and differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Both tests are highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing HIV infection. Other tests like CD4+ count and viral load are used to monitor disease progression but are not used primarily to confirm HIV infection.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 10-month-old child can do all the following EXCEPT
- A. says mama or dada
- B. follows one-step command without gesture
- C. points to objects or real first word
- D. speaks inhibition word 'no'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Speaking inhibition words like 'no' typically occurs later.
What should nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn include?
- A. Sleeping in the prone (on abdomen) position
- B. Wrapping neonate as snugly as possible
- C. Positioning neonate supine while sleeping
- D. Using bulb syringe to suction as needed, suctioning nose first, and then pharynx
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn should prioritize safety and best practices. Positioning the neonate supine while sleeping is crucial to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and ensure proper airway alignment. Using a bulb syringe to suction as needed, with the correct technique of suctioning the nose first and then the pharynx, helps effectively remove secretions and keep the airway clear. This intervention promotes optimal respiratory function and reduces the risk of airway obstruction in newborns. Sleeping in the prone position is not recommended due to the increased risk of SIDS. Wrapping the neonate as snugly as possible can also pose risks of overheating and compromising the airway, making it an unsafe practice.
Which of the ff vitamins does a client lack if there is a problem with the absorption of calcium?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin B
- C. Vitamin C
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium in the body. Without sufficient vitamin D, the absorption of calcium from the diet is impaired, leading to potential issues with calcium deficiency. Vitamin A, B, and C do not have a direct role in the absorption of calcium. Vitamin D helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body, which are necessary for bone health, muscle function, and other important processes. Therefore, a lack of Vitamin D can contribute to weakened bones and potential health problems related to calcium deficiency.
The nurse understands that an anaphylactic reaction is considered which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions?
- A. Type I
- B. Type III
- C. Type II
- D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An anaphylactic reaction is considered a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. In Type I hypersensitivity, the immune system produces IgE antibodies in response to an allergen, leading to the release of various inflammatory mediators like histamine. This immediate systemic reaction can cause symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. These reactions occur quickly, typically within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that warrants immediate intervention with epinephrine and supportive care.
For a 14-month-old whose cleft palate was repaired 12 hours ago, which should be included in the plan of care?
- A. Allow familiar comfort items (e.g., favorite stuffed animal) and a 'sippy' cup (avoid suction items).
- B. Once liquids are tolerated, encourage a bland diet (e.g., soup, Jell-O, saltine crackers).
- C. Administer scheduled pain medication rather than PRN only.
- D. Use a Yankauer suction catheter to decrease aspiration risk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Providing comfort items and avoiding suction items helps reduce distress and supports healing.