Drug Classifications Nursing Chart

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A patient who is unconscious arrives in the emergency department with clammy skin and constricted pupils. The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths per minute. The paramedics report obvious signs of drug abuse in the patient's home. The nurse suspects that this patient has had an overdose of which substance?

  • A. Alcohol
  • B. LSD
  • C. An opioid
  • D. Methamphetamine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Opioid overdose causes miosis and respiratory depression; alcohol or meth differ. Opioid overdose is characterized by constricted pupils and respiratory depression.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has angina how to use nitroglycerin transdermal ointment. The nurse should include which of the following instructions?

  • A. Remove the prior dose before applying a new dose.
  • B. Rub the ointment directly into your skin until it is no longer visible.
  • C. Cover the applied ointment with a clean gauze pad.
  • D. Apply the ointment to the same skin area each time.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Removing the prior dose prevents overdose and ensures accurate dosing.

Which of the following drug shows foetal hydantoin syndrome?

  • A. Alcohol
  • B. Phenytoin
  • C. Ethosuximide
  • D. Phenobarbitone
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with fetal hydantoin syndrome, characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and growth deficits, due to its teratogenic effects during pregnancy.

Which of the following is natural glucocorticoid:

  • A. Cortisol
  • B. Prednisolon
  • C. Dexamethasone
  • D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cortisol is the primary natural glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands, unlike the others which are synthetic.

Binding of drugs to albumin is irreversible.

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: False; binding to albumin is reversible, allowing drugs to dissociate and become active or available for elimination.

Both men and women experience bone loss with aging. The bones most likely to demonstrate significant loss are:

  • A. Cortical bones
  • B. Femoral neck bones
  • C. Cervical vertebrae
  • D. Pelvic bones
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Femoral neck is a trabecular bone site prone to significant age-related loss, unlike cortical or other areas .

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