Nokea
A patient who smokes reports chest pain while at rest. Which condition would the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
- A. Silent ischemia.
- B. Angina decubitus.
- C. Prinzmetal angina.
- D. Chronic stable angina.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prinzmetal angina, also known as variant angina, typically occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasms, which aligns with the patient's symptoms of chest pain at rest.
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A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low hemoglobin level?
- A. Low level of hepcidin.
- B. Increase in iron-binding capacity.
- C. Decrease in intestinal absorption of iron.
- D. Decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aging often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of nutrient absorption, including iron. This decrease in intestinal absorption of iron can result in low hemoglobin levels in elderly individuals. It's a common cause of anemia in the elderly population.
The nurse recognizes that patients with von Willebrand disease are at risk for prolonged bleeding times for which reason?
- A. Adequate platelet production.
- B. Deficiency in intrinsic clotting system factor.
- C. Impairment of the thrombin fibrinogen reaction.
- D. Variable factor VIII deficiencies and platelet dysfunction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Von Willebrand disease involves variable factor VIII deficiencies and platelet dysfunction, leading to prolonged bleeding times due to impaired clot formation.
The blood pressure (BP) of a 71-year-old patient admitted with pneumonia is 160/70 mm Hg. Which age-related change contributes to this finding?
- A. Stenosis of the heart valves.
- B. Decreased adrenergic sensitivity.
- C. Increased parasympathetic activity.
- D. Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels due to aging causes increased systolic blood pressure, as seen in the 160/70 mm Hg reading.
The nurse presents information to a group of nursing students about cultural and ethnic health disparities related to hypertension. Which information would the nurse include about the comparison of Mexican Americans to White and Black populations?
- A. Mexican Americans have higher rates of good blood pressure control.
- B. Mexican Americans are more likely to receive treatment for hypertension.
- C. Mexican Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world.
- D. Mexican Americans have lower levels of awareness of hypertension and its treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mexican Americans have lower levels of awareness of hypertension and its treatment compared to White and Black populations, contributing to health disparities.
A patient with thalassemia major who is receiving a blood transfusion shows signs of hemochromatosis. The nurse anticipates a prescription for which medication?
- A. Methotrexate.
- B. Deferoxamine.
- C. Ferrous gluconate.
- D. Iron dextran complex.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deferoxamine is an iron chelating agent used to treat iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis. It binds to excess iron and promotes its excretion from the body, preventing complications such as organ damage.