Nokea
The nurse notes that a patient has a smooth and shiny tongue surface. The nurse would attribute these findings to which condition?
- A. The patient has neutropenia.
- B. The patient has polycythemia.
- C. The patient has pernicious anemia.
- D. The patient has elevated estrogen levels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pernicious anemia causes glossitis, leading to a smooth and shiny tongue surface due to vitamin B12 deficiency.
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In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?
- A. Hypotonic saltwater.
- B. Hypertonic saltwater.
- C. Hypotonic freshwater.
- D. Hypertonic freshwater.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertonic saltwater draws fluid into the alveoli due to its higher solute concentration, impairing ventilation and causing hypoxia.
The blood pressure (BP) of a 71-year-old patient admitted with pneumonia is 160/70 mm Hg. Which age-related change contributes to this finding?
- A. Stenosis of the heart valves.
- B. Decreased adrenergic sensitivity.
- C. Increased parasympathetic activity.
- D. Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels due to aging causes increased systolic blood pressure, as seen in the 160/70 mm Hg reading.
A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) values include a pH of 7.48, a PaCO2 of 38, and an HCO3- of 30. Around which acid-base imbalance would the nurse plan the patient's care?
- A. Metabolic acidosis.
- B. Metabolic alkalosis.
- C. Respiratory acidosis.
- D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis is indicated by a high pH (7.48) and elevated HCO3- (30 mEq/L), with normal PaCO2, suggesting no respiratory involvement.
Which information would the nurse include when discussing pain due to chronic stable angina with the patient?
- A. Occurs with both activity and rest.
- B. Generally lasts 10-15 minutes or more.
- C. Does not subside when the precipitating factor is resolved.
- D. Occurs intermittently over a period of time in a similar pattern.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic stable angina occurs intermittently in a predictable pattern, triggered by exertion and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
Which change occurs first, making patients susceptible to coronary artery disease?
- A. Formation of thrombus in the coronary artery.
- B. Formation of fibrous plaque in the endothelium.
- C. Reduction of blood flow through the coronary arteries.
- D. Development of fatty streaks in the smooth muscles of the endothelium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Development of fatty streaks in the endothelium is the initial change in atherosclerosis, predisposing patients to coronary artery disease.