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Which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient newly diagnosed with microcytic hypochromic anemia?
- A. Take enteric-coated iron with each meal.
- B. Take cobalamin with green, leafy vegetables.
- C. Take the iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals.
- D. Decrease the intake of the antiseizure medications to improve anemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals enhances absorption due to vitamin C, optimal for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia.
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Which change occurs first, making patients susceptible to coronary artery disease?
- A. Formation of thrombus in the coronary artery.
- B. Formation of fibrous plaque in the endothelium.
- C. Reduction of blood flow through the coronary arteries.
- D. Development of fatty streaks in the smooth muscles of the endothelium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Development of fatty streaks in the endothelium is the initial change in atherosclerosis, predisposing patients to coronary artery disease.
The nurse provides discharge teaching to a patient with venous leg ulcers. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will take a walk daily.
- B. I will try to lose at least 20 pounds.
- C. I will put on my stockings after I get out of bed each day.
- D. I will not wear knee-high socks that are tight around my calf.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Not wearing tight knee-high socks is correct, as tight clothing can impede circulation; the statement suggests misunderstanding, indicating a need for further education.
Which laboratory report finding would support the nurse's conclusion that a patient has thalassemia major? Select all that apply.
- A. Increased bilirubin levels.
- B. Increased reticulocyte level.
- C. Increased mean corpuscular volume.
- D. Increased total iron-binding capacity.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Increased bilirubin, reticulocyte levels, and total iron-binding capacity are seen in thalassemia major due to hemolysis, bone marrow response, and increased iron absorption.
Which strategy is most important for a nurse to include when planning care for a patient who has neutropenia?
- A. Restricting all visitors.
- B. Placing the patient in a private room.
- C. Advising the patient to use only an electric shaver.
- D. Wearing a gown and gloves when in direct contact with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing the patient in a private room is crucial for a neutropenic patient to minimize exposure to pathogens, reducing infection risk due to their compromised immune system.
Which erythrocyte characteristic would the nurse expect to see in the laboratory findings for a patient who has experienced acute blood loss?
- A. Microcytic.
- B. Normocytic.
- C. Hypochromic.
- D. Megaloblastic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normocytic erythrocytes, or normal-sized red blood cells, are usually seen in acute blood loss as the body's initial response doesn't alter the size of red blood cells.