Nokea
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient who is receiving chemotherapy for leukemia?
- A. The treatment has severe side effects, some of which will be permanent.
- B. You need to use your call light to ask for help every time you get out of bed.
- C. Prevention and early detection of infection are important during leukemia treatment.
- D. Feeling isolated is a common and unavoidable consequence of leukemia treatment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prevention and early detection of infection are critical during leukemia chemotherapy due to immune suppression, a key patient education point.
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Which acid-base mechanism would the kidney use to buffer a patient's acidosis (serum pH <7.35)? Select all that apply.
- A. Eliminating excess H+.
- B. Excreting excess water.
- C. Eliminating excess CO2.
- D. Reabsorbing additional HCO3-.
- E. Reabsorbing additional sodium ions.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The kidneys buffer acidosis by eliminating excess hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing additional bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) to neutralize acid and raise pH.
The nurse provides education to a patient with thrombocytopenia about precautions to be taken at home. The nurse identifies that further teaching is needed when the patient performs which action?
- A. Drinks 14 glasses of water daily.
- B. Shaves once a day using an electric razor.
- C. Uses an alcohol-based mouthwash twice a day.
- D. Brushes teeth with a soft-bristle toothbrush twice a day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using alcohol-based mouthwash can irritate oral mucosa and cause bleeding in thrombocytopenia, indicating a need for further teaching.
The nurse suspects that a patient has polycythemia vera based on which finding in the patient's laboratory reports? Select all that apply.
- A. Increased cobalamin levels.
- B. Decreased histamine levels.
- C. Increased hemoglobin levels.
- D. Increased red blood cell levels.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Increased hemoglobin and red blood cell levels are hallmark features of polycythemia vera, characterized by excessive red blood cell production.
A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low hemoglobin level?
- A. Low level of hepcidin.
- B. Increase in iron-binding capacity.
- C. Decrease in intestinal absorption of iron.
- D. Decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aging often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of nutrient absorption, including iron. This decrease in intestinal absorption of iron can result in low hemoglobin levels in elderly individuals. It's a common cause of anemia in the elderly population.
The nurse provides education to a patient with thrombocytopenia about precautions to be taken at home. The nurse identifies that further teaching is needed when the patient performs which action?
- A. Drinks 14 glasses of water daily.
- B. Shaves once a day using an electric razor.
- C. Uses an alcohol-based mouthwash twice a day.
- D. Brushes teeth with a soft-bristle toothbrush twice a day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol-based mouthwash can cause mucosal irritation and bleeding, inappropriate for thrombocytopenia, suggesting further education is needed.