Nokea
A patient will be starting vitamin D supplements. The nurse reviews his medical record for contraindications, including which condition?
- A. Renal disease
- B. Cardiac disease
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. There are no contraindications to vitamin D supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Contraindications to vitamin D products include known allergy to the product, hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, and hyperphosphatemia.
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The nurse is reviewing vitamin therapy in preparation for a nutrition class. Which statements are accurate regarding vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is important in the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries.
- B. It is essential for night vision.
- C. It is important for tissue repair.
- D. It is found in animal sources such as dairy products and meat.
- E. It is found in tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli.
- F. It is also known as the 'sunshine vitamin.'
- G. Its deficiency is known as scurvy.
Correct Answer: A,C,E,G
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries; for tissue repair. Vitamin C deficiency is known as scurvy; and it is found in foods such as tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli. Vitamin A is essential for night vision, and vitamin D is known as the sunshine vitamin. With the exception of liver, meat and dairy products are not sources of vitamin C.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a patient undergoing therapy with vitamin A. Which of these are possible effects of vitamin A deficiency?
- A. Impaired wound healing
- B. Night blindness
- C. Muscle twitching
- D. Confusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia (softening of the cornea), hyperkeratosis of both the stratum corneum (outermost layer) of the skin and the sclera (outermost layer of eyeball), retarded infant growth, generalized weakness, and increased susceptibility of mucous membranes to infection.
A patient accidentally took an overdose of the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin), and the nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K as an antidote. Which statement about vitamin K is accurate?
- A. The vitamin K dose will be given intramuscularly.
- B. The patient will take oral doses of vitamin K after the initial injection.
- C. The vitamin K cannot be given if the patient has renal disease.
- D. The patient will be unresponsive to warfarin therapy for 1 week after the vitamin K is given.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When vitamin K is used as an antidote to warfarin therapy, the patient becomes unresponsive to warfarin for approximately 1 week after vitamin K administration. The use of vitamin K products is contraindicated in patients who are in the last few weeks of pregnancy and in patients with severe hepatic disease. Vitamin K is given subcutaneously and not intramuscularly when used to reverse warfarin effects.
A newly admitted patient has orders for a zinc supplement. The nurse reviews the patient's medical history and concludes that the zinc is ordered for which reason?
- A. To treat pellagra
- B. To aid in wound healing
- C. To treat osteomalacia
- D. As an antidote for anticoagulant overdose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Zinc plays a crucial role in the enzymatic metabolic reactions involving both proteins and carbohydrates. This makes it especially important for normal tissue growth and repair. It therefore also has a major role in wound healing. Vitamin B3 (niacin) is used to treat pellagra; vitamin D is used to treat osteomalacia; and vitamin K is used as an antidote for anticoagulant overdose.
During an intravenous infusion of calcium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for symptoms of hypercalcemia. Which are symptoms of hypercalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Anorexia
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Constipation
- E. Cardiac irregularities
- F. Drowsiness
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Symptoms of hypercalcemia include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Long-term excessive calcium intake can result in severe hypercalcemia, which can cause cardiac irregularities, delirium, and coma. The other options are incorrect.