Nokea
Niacin is prescribed for a patient who has hyperlipidemia. The nurse checks the patient's medical history, knowing that this medication is contraindicated in which disorder?
- A. Renal disease
- B. Cardiac disease
- C. Liver disease
- D. Diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Niacin, unlike certain other B-complex vitamins, has additional contraindications besides drug allergy. They include liver disease, severe hypotension, arterial hemorrhage, and active peptic ulcer disease. The other options are incorrect.
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The nurse is counseling a patient about calcium supplements. Which dietary information is appropriate during this teaching session?
- A. Take oral calcium supplements with meals.
- B. There are no drug interactions with calcium products.
- C. Avoid foods that are high in calcium, such as beef, egg yolks, and liver.
- D. Be sure to eat foods high in calcium, such as dairy products and salmon.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Foods high in calcium include dairy products, fortified cereals, calcium-fortified orange juice, sardines, and salmon. Patients can be encouraged to add dietary sources of calcium to their diets. Oral-dosage forms of calcium need to be given 1 to 3 hours after meals. Calcium salts will bind with tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics and result in an insoluble complex.
The nurse is reviewing conditions caused by nutrient deficiencies. Conditions such as infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are caused by a deficiency in which vitamin or mineral?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Zinc
- D. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are all a result of long-term vitamin D deficiency. The other options are incorrect.
The patient asks the nurse about taking large doses of vitamin C to improve her immunity to colds. 'It's just a vitamin, right? What can happen?' Which responses by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Vitamin C is harmless because it is a water-soluble vitamin.
- B. Large doses of vitamin C can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal cramps.
- C. Keep in mind that if you suddenly stop taking these large doses, you might experience symptoms similar to scurvy.
- D. Studies have shown that vitamin C has little value in preventing the common cold.
- E. Vitamin C acidifies the urine, which can lead to the formation of kidney stones.
- F. Large doses of vitamin C may delay wound healing.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Vitamin C is usually nontoxic unless excessive dosages are consumed. Large doses (megadoses) can produce nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal cramps, and they acidify the urine, which can result in the formation of kidney stones. Furthermore, individuals who discontinue taking excessive daily doses of ascorbic acid can experience scurvy-like symptoms. Studies have shown that megadoses of vitamin C have little or no value as prophylaxis against the common cold. Vitamin C is required for several important metabolic activities, including collagen synthesis and the maintenance of connective tissue and tissue repair.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a patient undergoing therapy with vitamin A. Which of these are possible effects of vitamin A deficiency?
- A. Impaired wound healing
- B. Night blindness
- C. Muscle twitching
- D. Confusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia (softening of the cornea), hyperkeratosis of both the stratum corneum (outermost layer) of the skin and the sclera (outermost layer of eyeball), retarded infant growth, generalized weakness, and increased susceptibility of mucous membranes to infection.
The nurse is reviewing vitamin therapy in preparation for a nutrition class. Which statements are accurate regarding vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is important in the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries.
- B. It is essential for night vision.
- C. It is important for tissue repair.
- D. It is found in animal sources such as dairy products and meat.
- E. It is found in tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli.
- F. It is also known as the 'sunshine vitamin.'
- G. Its deficiency is known as scurvy.
Correct Answer: A,C,E,G
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries; for tissue repair. Vitamin C deficiency is known as scurvy; and it is found in foods such as tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli. Vitamin A is essential for night vision, and vitamin D is known as the sunshine vitamin. With the exception of liver, meat and dairy products are not sources of vitamin C.