Nokea
During an intravenous infusion of calcium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for symptoms of hypercalcemia. Which are symptoms of hypercalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Anorexia
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Constipation
- E. Cardiac irregularities
- F. Drowsiness
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Symptoms of hypercalcemia include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Long-term excessive calcium intake can result in severe hypercalcemia, which can cause cardiac irregularities, delirium, and coma. The other options are incorrect.
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The nurse is reviewing vitamin therapy in preparation for a nutrition class. Which statements are accurate regarding vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is important in the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries.
- B. It is essential for night vision.
- C. It is important for tissue repair.
- D. It is found in animal sources such as dairy products and meat.
- E. It is found in tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli.
- F. It is also known as the 'sunshine vitamin.'
- G. Its deficiency is known as scurvy.
Correct Answer: A,C,E,G
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries; for tissue repair. Vitamin C deficiency is known as scurvy; and it is found in foods such as tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli. Vitamin A is essential for night vision, and vitamin D is known as the sunshine vitamin. With the exception of liver, meat and dairy products are not sources of vitamin C.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a patient undergoing therapy with vitamin A. Which of these are possible effects of vitamin A deficiency?
- A. Impaired wound healing
- B. Night blindness
- C. Muscle twitching
- D. Confusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia (softening of the cornea), hyperkeratosis of both the stratum corneum (outermost layer) of the skin and the sclera (outermost layer of eyeball), retarded infant growth, generalized weakness, and increased susceptibility of mucous membranes to infection.
A patient is on vitamin D supplemental therapy. The nurse will monitor for which signs of toxicity during this therapy?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Anorexia
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The toxic effects of vitamin D are those associated with hypercalcemia, such as weakness, fatigue, headache, anorexia, dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, ataxia, and bone pain. If not recognized and treated, these symptoms can progress to impairment of renal function and osteoporosis. The other options listed are not signs of vitamin D toxicity.
During an intravenous infusion of magnesium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for adverse effects. Which of these are adverse effects of intravenous magnesium administration? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Loss of tendon reflexes
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Respiratory distress
- D. CNS depression
- E. Kidney stones
- F. Heart block
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Adverse effects of magnesium are due to hypermagnesemia, which results in tendon reflex loss, difficult bowel movements, CNS depression, respiratory distress and heart block, and hypothermia. The other options are incorrect.
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse has been admitted for severe weakness and malnutrition. The nurse will prepare to administer which vitamin preparation to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy?
- A. Vitamin B6
- B. Vitamin B1
- C. Vitamin B12
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is necessary for the treatment of a variety of thiamine deficiencies, including Wernicke's encephalopathy. The other options are incorrect.