Nokea
During an intravenous infusion of magnesium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for adverse effects. Which of these are adverse effects of intravenous magnesium administration? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Loss of tendon reflexes
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Respiratory distress
- D. CNS depression
- E. Kidney stones
- F. Heart block
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Adverse effects of magnesium are due to hypermagnesemia, which results in tendon reflex loss, difficult bowel movements, CNS depression, respiratory distress and heart block, and hypothermia. The other options are incorrect.
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The nurse is reviewing conditions caused by nutrient deficiencies. Conditions such as infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are caused by a deficiency in which vitamin or mineral?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Zinc
- D. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are all a result of long-term vitamin D deficiency. The other options are incorrect.
During an intravenous infusion of calcium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for symptoms of hypercalcemia. Which are symptoms of hypercalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Anorexia
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Constipation
- E. Cardiac irregularities
- F. Drowsiness
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Symptoms of hypercalcemia include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Long-term excessive calcium intake can result in severe hypercalcemia, which can cause cardiac irregularities, delirium, and coma. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is reviewing vitamin therapy in preparation for a nutrition class. Which statements are accurate regarding vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is important in the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries.
- B. It is essential for night vision.
- C. It is important for tissue repair.
- D. It is found in animal sources such as dairy products and meat.
- E. It is found in tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli.
- F. It is also known as the 'sunshine vitamin.'
- G. Its deficiency is known as scurvy.
Correct Answer: A,C,E,G
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries; for tissue repair. Vitamin C deficiency is known as scurvy; and it is found in foods such as tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli. Vitamin A is essential for night vision, and vitamin D is known as the sunshine vitamin. With the exception of liver, meat and dairy products are not sources of vitamin C.
A patient will be starting vitamin D supplements. The nurse reviews his medical record for contraindications, including which condition?
- A. Renal disease
- B. Cardiac disease
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. There are no contraindications to vitamin D supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Contraindications to vitamin D products include known allergy to the product, hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, and hyperphosphatemia.
A newly admitted patient has orders for a zinc supplement. The nurse reviews the patient's medical history and concludes that the zinc is ordered for which reason?
- A. To treat pellagra
- B. To aid in wound healing
- C. To treat osteomalacia
- D. As an antidote for anticoagulant overdose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Zinc plays a crucial role in the enzymatic metabolic reactions involving both proteins and carbohydrates. This makes it especially important for normal tissue growth and repair. It therefore also has a major role in wound healing. Vitamin B3 (niacin) is used to treat pellagra; vitamin D is used to treat osteomalacia; and vitamin K is used as an antidote for anticoagulant overdose.