Nokea
The nurse is counseling a patient about calcium supplements. Which dietary information is appropriate during this teaching session?
- A. Take oral calcium supplements with meals.
- B. There are no drug interactions with calcium products.
- C. Avoid foods that are high in calcium, such as beef, egg yolks, and liver.
- D. Be sure to eat foods high in calcium, such as dairy products and salmon.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Foods high in calcium include dairy products, fortified cereals, calcium-fortified orange juice, sardines, and salmon. Patients can be encouraged to add dietary sources of calcium to their diets. Oral-dosage forms of calcium need to be given 1 to 3 hours after meals. Calcium salts will bind with tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics and result in an insoluble complex.
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Niacin is prescribed for a patient who has hyperlipidemia. The nurse checks the patient's medical history, knowing that this medication is contraindicated in which disorder?
- A. Renal disease
- B. Cardiac disease
- C. Liver disease
- D. Diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Niacin, unlike certain other B-complex vitamins, has additional contraindications besides drug allergy. They include liver disease, severe hypotension, arterial hemorrhage, and active peptic ulcer disease. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is reviewing vitamin therapy in preparation for a nutrition class. Which statements are accurate regarding vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is important in the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries.
- B. It is essential for night vision.
- C. It is important for tissue repair.
- D. It is found in animal sources such as dairy products and meat.
- E. It is found in tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli.
- F. It is also known as the 'sunshine vitamin.'
- G. Its deficiency is known as scurvy.
Correct Answer: A,C,E,G
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries; for tissue repair. Vitamin C deficiency is known as scurvy; and it is found in foods such as tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli. Vitamin A is essential for night vision, and vitamin D is known as the sunshine vitamin. With the exception of liver, meat and dairy products are not sources of vitamin C.
During an intravenous infusion of magnesium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for adverse effects. Which of these are adverse effects of intravenous magnesium administration? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Loss of tendon reflexes
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Respiratory distress
- D. CNS depression
- E. Kidney stones
- F. Heart block
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Adverse effects of magnesium are due to hypermagnesemia, which results in tendon reflex loss, difficult bowel movements, CNS depression, respiratory distress and heart block, and hypothermia. The other options are incorrect.
A patient accidentally took an overdose of the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin), and the nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K as an antidote. Which statement about vitamin K is accurate?
- A. The vitamin K dose will be given intramuscularly.
- B. The patient will take oral doses of vitamin K after the initial injection.
- C. The vitamin K cannot be given if the patient has renal disease.
- D. The patient will be unresponsive to warfarin therapy for 1 week after the vitamin K is given.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When vitamin K is used as an antidote to warfarin therapy, the patient becomes unresponsive to warfarin for approximately 1 week after vitamin K administration. The use of vitamin K products is contraindicated in patients who are in the last few weeks of pregnancy and in patients with severe hepatic disease. Vitamin K is given subcutaneously and not intramuscularly when used to reverse warfarin effects.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a patient undergoing therapy with vitamin A. Which of these are possible effects of vitamin A deficiency?
- A. Impaired wound healing
- B. Night blindness
- C. Muscle twitching
- D. Confusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia (softening of the cornea), hyperkeratosis of both the stratum corneum (outermost layer) of the skin and the sclera (outermost layer of eyeball), retarded infant growth, generalized weakness, and increased susceptibility of mucous membranes to infection.