Nokea
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse has been admitted for severe weakness and malnutrition. The nurse will prepare to administer which vitamin preparation to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy?
- A. Vitamin B6
- B. Vitamin B1
- C. Vitamin B12
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is necessary for the treatment of a variety of thiamine deficiencies, including Wernicke's encephalopathy. The other options are incorrect.
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A newly admitted patient has orders for a zinc supplement. The nurse reviews the patient's medical history and concludes that the zinc is ordered for which reason?
- A. To treat pellagra
- B. To aid in wound healing
- C. To treat osteomalacia
- D. As an antidote for anticoagulant overdose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Zinc plays a crucial role in the enzymatic metabolic reactions involving both proteins and carbohydrates. This makes it especially important for normal tissue growth and repair. It therefore also has a major role in wound healing. Vitamin B3 (niacin) is used to treat pellagra; vitamin D is used to treat osteomalacia; and vitamin K is used as an antidote for anticoagulant overdose.
A patient will be starting vitamin D supplements. The nurse reviews his medical record for contraindications, including which condition?
- A. Renal disease
- B. Cardiac disease
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. There are no contraindications to vitamin D supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Contraindications to vitamin D products include known allergy to the product, hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, and hyperphosphatemia.
A patient accidentally took an overdose of the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin), and the nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K as an antidote. Which statement about vitamin K is accurate?
- A. The vitamin K dose will be given intramuscularly.
- B. The patient will take oral doses of vitamin K after the initial injection.
- C. The vitamin K cannot be given if the patient has renal disease.
- D. The patient will be unresponsive to warfarin therapy for 1 week after the vitamin K is given.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When vitamin K is used as an antidote to warfarin therapy, the patient becomes unresponsive to warfarin for approximately 1 week after vitamin K administration. The use of vitamin K products is contraindicated in patients who are in the last few weeks of pregnancy and in patients with severe hepatic disease. Vitamin K is given subcutaneously and not intramuscularly when used to reverse warfarin effects.
The nurse is reviewing conditions caused by nutrient deficiencies. Conditions such as infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are caused by a deficiency in which vitamin or mineral?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Zinc
- D. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are all a result of long-term vitamin D deficiency. The other options are incorrect.
A patient is on vitamin D supplemental therapy. The nurse will monitor for which signs of toxicity during this therapy?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Anorexia
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The toxic effects of vitamin D are those associated with hypercalcemia, such as weakness, fatigue, headache, anorexia, dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, ataxia, and bone pain. If not recognized and treated, these symptoms can progress to impairment of renal function and osteoporosis. The other options listed are not signs of vitamin D toxicity.